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I n the first, which belongs to the Q Uhwrta, are Spiraea Ulmat-ia, L., S. pdnzata, Thunb., and S. vestita, Wall. These are closely allied Old Cf. Yapp ('08, two papers), Cog), and ('10). e. g. S3irat-n UInmria. e.g. Phragmilu romnrunis, Vibuntum Opulrcs, S a l i x spp., Bc. ' In the sense nxd by Linnaeus, Bentham nnd Hooker, m d others, 6. Wenrig ('88). Other authors, probnbly rightly, separate the several sections of Spirara as distinct genera, e.g. Focke ('94).

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With Plate XX, and eight Figures in the Text. 1 Some of the resnlts given here formed the subject of a paper read before Section K of the British Association, Dublin Meeting, 1908. J Kihlman ("90), pp. 107 et seq. 4 Goebel f91), Teil II, p. 11. 0 Schimper ('90), pp. 635 et seq., also ('03), p. 15. ' Stenstrom ('96), p. 71. T Schwendener ('89), p. 73. • Clements ('05), p. 136.

* At least the leaf-cashions (yidi infra) are developed regularly, though many of them, especially those on the smaller branches, have apparently never borne leaves. • Campbell ('95), p. 331.