Supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) are water-immiscible nanostructured liquids composed of a 3D network of amphiphilic aggregates that maintain their structures via non-covalent interactions. These solvents are prepared from aquo/organic solutions of amphiphiles at concentrations above their critical aggregation concentration. Under these conditions, amphiphiles initially self-aggregate to form micelles or vesicles. Coacervation of these nano-aggregates into the 3D network of the SUPRAS is induced by different strategies, including variations in the composition of the initial mixture and modifications of temperature, pH, or ionic strength. SUPRASs are appealing alternative solvents in sample preparation. Thus, SUPRASs have several features (i.e., solvation capabilities, viscosity, chemical stability, and easy preparation) that favor their incorporation as extraction solvents in several microextraction methods. Besides, SUPRASs can be considered within the group of green and sustainable materials because they can be designed to present both low flammability and low vapor pressure, and can be prepared from natural, green, and cost-effective sources. This book chapter provides an overview of the use of SUPRASs in green sample preparation, including their utilization in all modes of liquid-phase microextraction (i.e., dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction, and single-drop microextraction), solid-phase extraction (with special attention to magnetic solid-phase extraction), and solid–liquid microextraction.
ResumenLa relación entre la Teología y el mundo universitario quedó interrumpida en España en el s. XIX. Desde entonces el diálogo y el trabajo interdisciplinar entre la Teología y los demás saberes universitarios han sido prácticamente inexistentes en el seno de las universidades públicas españolas.Estudios realizados recientes ponen de manifiestos que el grado de investigación desarrollado por las facultades de teología y centros de estudios teológicos de la Iglesia Católica en la primera década del siglo XXI, ha permitido que la Teología tenga un nuevo resurgir en el ámbito académico de las Universidades públicas españolas.Esta nueva presencia es cuestionada en ciertos ámbitos universitarios. El principal motivo de exclusión de la Teología en el ámbito de la Universidad es sobre su status científico. Este artículo reflexiona sobre este cuestionamiento.Palabras clave: Teología, Ciencia, Universidad, Sociedad. *Trabajo realizado dentro del programa de Doctorado en Teología de la Universidad de Murcia en colaboración con el Instituto Teológico de Murcia OFM en la línea de investigación: Visión del hombre y del mundo desde la perspectiva cristiana perteneciente al Departamento de filosofía y sociedad y Religión y Cultura, conducente a la Tesis Doctoral: "Estudio de la presencia de la Teología en las Universidades Públicas en los albores del siglo XXI" (2016 Theology as a science at the university level AbstractThe relationship between theology and the university world was interrupted in Spain in the s. XIX. Since then the dialogue and interdisciplinary work between theology and other academic knowledge have been virtually nonexistent within the Spanish public universities.Recent studies conducted makes manifest that the degree of research developed by the faculties of theology and centers of theological studies at the Catholic Church in the first decade of the century, has allowed theology have a new resurgence in academic Universities Spanish public.This new presence is questioned in certain university environments. The main reason for exclusion of theology in the context of the university is on its scientific status. This article reflects on this question.Keywords: Theology, Science, University Society. La Théologie comme science dans le domaine universitaire RésuméLa relation entre la Théologie et le monde universitaire a été interrompue en Espagne au XIX siècle. Depuis ce moment, le dialogue et le travail interdisciplinaire entre la Théologie et les autres savoirs universitaires ont été pratiquement inexistants au sein des universités publiques espagnoles.De récentes études mettent en évidence que le degré de recherche développé par les facultés de théologie et les centres d´études théologiques de l´Église Catholique pendant la première décennie du XXI siècle, a permis que la Théologie connaisse un renouveau dans le domaine académique des universités publiques espagnoles.Cette nouvelle présence est remise en question dans certains domaines universitaires. Le principal motif d´exclusion de la Théologie dans l...
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