Objective: To establish the normal electrophysiological data for the median and the ulnar nerves in normal healthy adults in the Malwa region of Punjab, India. Methods:Nerve conduction studies were performed prospectively in the upper limbs of 100 carefully screened, healthy individuals of either sex, who were between the ages of 20 and 60 years, by using a standardized technique. Results:Motor studies: The median distal latency (DL) in men was 3.4 (0.2) ms, the amplitude (CMAPA) was 10.80 (2.8) mV, the conduction velocity (MNCV) was 55.6 (2.5) m/s and the F-wave (min latency) was 27.57±2.54(21.5-34.2). In the ulnar nerve , the motor DL was 2.34 (0.25) ms, the amplitude (CMAPA) was 9.8(2.6) mV, MNCV was 63.4 (3.0) m/s and the F-Wave(min latency) was 26.29±2.12(21.6-34.7). In the sensory studies, the median nerve DL was 2.0(0.35) ms, SNCV was 53.4±3.0 m/s and the amplitude (SNAPA)was 59.3 (16.4) µV for men and it was 68.7(28.4) µV for women. For the ulnar nerve in men, the DL was 1.85(0.25)ms, SNCV was 55.5 (4.1) m/s and the amplitude(SNAPA) was 55.5 (18.4) µV for men and it was 64.9 (16.8) µV for women. Only the gender showed a statistically significant effect on the sensory nerve action potential for the median (p < 0.04) and the ulnar nerves (p < 0.041) . Conclusion:The normative conduction parameters of the commonly tested nerves in the upper limb were established in our EMG lab. The mean motor nerve conduction parameters for the median and the ulnar nerves correlated favourably with the existing literature data. However, for the sensory nerves, a higher value for the nerve action potential amplitude was demonstrated in this study.

The patients presented with a unilateral footdrop which was due to peroneal palsy, but a decreased peroneal nerve conduction was observed on the contralateral side as well. Thus, it suggested the involvement of the common peroneal nerve bilaterally. The position of sitting during harvesting or weeding was also important in inducing footdrop along with the type of the hand activity, because of occurrence of the footdrop on the side of the dominant hand.

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Primary intra-osseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) is I. Case ReportA 48-year-old female reported to our department with a complaint of pain and swelling on the left side of lower one-third of the face since 3 months. She visited the dentist for the first time. She reported difficulty in mouth opening with no pus discharge or bleeding from the lesion. There was no relevant medical and family history. Nevertheless, the patient gave a history of tobacco chewing since 8 years, thrice/day. Extra-oral examination revealed a solitary lymph node which was present in the left sub-mandibular region which was palpable, firm in consistency and non-tender. A large and firm swelling was present in the left mandibular region measuring about 5 cm × 6 cm causing slight asymmetry in the left side of the face. The swelling was diffuse involving middle and lower third of the left side of the face extending from ala tragal line to 2 cm. below the inferior border of mandible supero-inferiorly. The swelling extended from angle of mouth to the posterior border of ramus of mandible antero-posteriorly [ Fig. 1]. Paresthesia was present in relation to left side of the lower lip. Mouth opening was reduced to 2 cm without deflection or deviation of mandible. On palpation, swelling was non-tender and firm in consistency without any local rise in temperature.Intra-oral examination revealed a Class I molar relation without any occlusal derangement. A diffuse swelling was present in the right buccal vestibule measuring about 1 X 1 cm. in dimension in relation to teeth 35,36. It was soft in consistency and tender on palpation. No obliteration of buccal vestibule was seen [ Fig. 2]. Patient had undergone extraction 4 months ago for 37. Grade II mobility was seen in relation to 34, 35 and 36. The alveolar socket of 37, 38 had completely healed with overlying mucosa appearing normal. II. InvestigationsPatient was advised for serology test for HIV 1&2, IOPA, orthopantogram (OPG) and Computed Tomography (CT). The immunological status of the patient was normal as she was seronegative for HIV 1 & 2. IOPA of 36 region showed an ill-defined radiolucency extending from the mesial aspect of 35 to the region posterior to 36 and extending from the periapical region of 35, 36 to the inferior border of mandible with no break in continuity in the inferior border of mandible [ Fig. 3].OPG showed a large ill-defined radiolucency measuring about 7ₓ8 cm in dimension and extending from the mesial aspect of 34 to the ramus of mandible antero-posteriorly and from the sigmoid notch involving the condyle and coronoid process to the inferior border of mandible supero-inferiorly. The borders of the radiolucency exhibited an irregularity. The internal structure was not homogeneous and there were mixed radiolucent and radio-opaque areas along with presence of bay within bay appearance which is a classical feature of malignancy [ Fig. 4].CT revealed a destructive lesion in the left half of the mandible extending from subcondylar to right ramus and angle of man...