This study investigated the effect of sun angle and ground texture on tank target acquisition using a 1:1000 terrain table to simulate a pop-up maneuver. Using a three-by-two repeated measures design, three groups of ten subjects each were tested at one of th~ee simulated sun angles (0, 90, and 180 degrees) and at two terrain textures (hilly and flat). Starting at a maximum simulated slant range of 8500 feet, slant range was reduced by 500 foot steps during successive 30-second trials until a correct target detection occurred. Although the main effects of sun angle and terrain texture on slant range and total search time were not significant, a highly reliable interaction between these variables was found. For the hilly portion of the terrain table, the 90-degree sun angle group had a significantly shorter slant range and required significantly more search time than the zero or 180-degree sun angle groups. This result is attributed to the interaction of large amounts and depths of shadows in hilly terrain and the difficulty of acquiring a tank target when its shadow is located at the side of the tank.
V i s u a l d c t e c t i u n or l i f e r a f t s i n t h e sea p r e s e n t s a d i f f i c u l t t a s k t o personnel engaged i n a i r searcli mil r e s c u e o p e r a t i o n s . A possi-ble means of a i d i n g t h i s t,isk is t o u s c a n a p p r o p r i a t e sun-glass f i l t e r w i t h l i g h t t r a n s m i s s i o n p r o p e r t i e s designed t o reduce g l a r e and atmospheric a t t e n u a t i o n , w h i l e enliaacing target-to-bockgroriIld c o n t r a s t . To exaniiw and e v a l u a t e t h i s p o s s i b i l i t y , t a r g e t a c q u i s i t i o n perforinance assoc i a t e d w i t h tlic l o l l o w i n g t y p e s of s u n g l a s s e s w a s compared w i t h t h a t of t h e unaided eye: (1) Haze master ( y e l l o w ) , (2) 0;ikley-l)oc ( p i n k ) , ( 3 ) Cosmetan (brown) and ( 4 ) N-15 ( g r a y ) . The expcriiiicrita 1 approach involved t h e iise of a c i r c u l a r 1 : l O O O s c a l e t e r r a i n model and a s s o c i a t e d t e c h n i q u e s s i m u l a t i n g a n a i r -s e a r e s c u e o p e r a t i o n . Eacli s u b j e c t searched f o r t a r g e t s wl1iJ.c making a simulated banking t u r n around the model. 'The performance of t e n s u b j e c t s f o r each expcrimcntol l c n s c o n d i t i o n was measured i n t e r m of response time and number of t a r g e t s found. R e s u l t s based on t h e s e measures showed t h e Oakley-I)oc l e n s t o b e t h e b e s t and t h e Cosmctan t o be clie worst of the l e n s a l t e r n a t i v c s . Ilowever, no f i l t e r w a s round t o be s u p e r i o r t o t i l e unaided eye. Tlit. data : i r e i n agreement w i t l i a number of recent t a r g e t a c q u i s i t i o n s t u d i e s wliich show no advantage i n u s i n g ycllow I c n s c s . 'Tlic. r c s u l t s a r e , moreover, cons i s t e n L w i t 1 1 t lie ~~S~I I I I I~L~O I I LILIL supposed ciiliancemeut p r o p e r t i e s ofc o l o r e d l e n t i c~c ; iiiCiy wcl I b e o r f s c t Iry losses in 1ik:llt transiuission a s s o c i a t e d with clieir u s c .
Visual detection of life rafts in the sea presents a difficult task which might be aided by use of appropriate sunglasses designed to reduce glare and atmospheric attenuation while enhancing target-to-background contrast. To evaluate this possibility, target acquisition performance associated with the following types of sunglass lenses was compared with that of the unaided eye: Hazemaster, Oakley Doc, Cosmetan and N-15. A circular 1:1000 scale terrain model was used to simulate an air-sea rescue operation under conditions of relatively low daylight illumination. Observers searched for targets while making simulated banking turns. Performance measures were response time and number of targets found. Results showed the Oakley Doc to be the best and the Cosmetan to be the worst of the lens alternatives. However, no filter was found to be superior to the unaided eye. The data agree with recent target acquisition studies in showing no advantage for yellow sunglass lenses. The results are also consistent with the assumption that supposed enhancement properties of colored lenses may well be offset by losses in light transmission associated with their use.
This technical report documents work conducted from January to October 1974 at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio and at the Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, Calif., as part of a joint services program an air-to-ground target acquisition funded under authorization ARAB RA 05-75. The Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions Effectiveness has established a Target Acquisition Working Group (TAWG) under the Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual/Air-to-Surface Division. TAWG tasks have included the definition of problem areas in airborne forward air controller operation 1 , the description of target markers, summary of existing field test data, the evaluation of mathematical models of target acquisition, the camouflage of targets, terrain and foliage masking, and research on target acquisition by flare light. This report presents the description and results of a flare experiment that was conducted on a terrain model at the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Part of the data analysis and the report preparation was performed at the Naval Weapons Center.
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