or IoNc, E. lNo Burrox, R. G. 1973. Effects of pipeline installation on soil properties and productivity. Can. J. Soil Sci. 53: 37-47. The effects of pipeline installation on soil productivity were studied on mediumtextured Chernozemic and Solonetzic soils in southeastern Saskatchewan. Chemical and physical soil properties and wheat yields were measured for the undisturbed field, the trench, and the area adjacent to the trench used for soil storage during pipeline installation (the claybank). In general, CuSO,-extractable NO,-N, NaHCO.-extractable P, and NH,OAc-extractable K were similar for the top 15 cm of the undisturbed field, the trench, and the claybank. Significant amounts of top-soil had been incorporated below the 30-cm depth in the trench as indicated by increased levels of NO"-N, P, and K. Where

When presented with responses of another person, people incorporate these responses into memory reports: a finding termed memory conformity. Research on memory conformity in recognition reveals that people rely on external social cues to guide their memory responses when their own ability to respond is at chance. In this way, conforming to a reliable source boosts recognition performance but conforming to a random source does not impair it. In the present study we assessed whether people would conform indiscriminately to reliable and unreliable (random) sources when they are given the opportunity to exercise metamemory control over their responding by withholding answers in a recognition test. In Experiments 1 and 2, we found the pattern of memory conformity to reliable and unreliable sources in two variants of a free-report recognition test, yet at the same time the provision of external cues did not affect the rate of response withholding. In Experiment 3, we provided participants with initial feedback on their recognition decisions, facilitating the discrimination between the reliable and unreliable source. This led to the reduction of memory conformity to the unreliable source, and at the same time modulated metamemory decisions concerning response withholding: participants displayed metamemory conformity to the reliable source, volunteering more responses in their memory report, and metamemory resistance to the random source, withholding more responses from the memory report. Together, the results show how metamemory decisions dissociate various types of memory conformity and that memory and metamemory decisions can be independent of each other. Keywords: Memory conformity, Metamemory, Recognition MEMORY, METAMEMORY, AND SOCIAL CUES 3Memory, metamemory, and social cues: Between conformity and resistance Remembering has long been considered exclusively as a process of encoding, storing and retrieving information from one's memory. This perspective neglects, however, a variety of factors that affect remembering yet do not concern the core memory processes. Two instances of such extra-memorial factors in remembering gained much attention in recent years. First, the social perspective underscores the fact that remembering often does not unfold in social isolation, but rather in the presence and with active participation of other people (Blank, 2009;Hirst & Echterhoff, 2012;Hirst & Rajaram, 2014; Rajaram & PereiraPasarin, 2010). A number of important studies have shown how collaborating with other people affects remembering, often in negative ways, reducing output from memory (Basden, Basden, Bryner, & Thomas, 1997) or introducing errors (Gabbert, Memon, & Allan, 2003;Meade & Roediger, 2002). Second, the metamemory perspective underscores the fact that the process of remembering does not stop when memory is retrieved but continues in the form of metamemory decisions which determine how information retrieved from memory will be used to build a memory report -that is, the overt answer provided to a memory ...

NurrALL, W. F. eno BurroN, R. G. 1990. The effect of deep banding N and P fertilizer on the yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study was conducted to determine if deep banding of P fertilizer was as efficient as placing P in a band with the seed. Phosphorus fertilizer (MAP) was deep banded at rates of 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg of P ha-' which was compared with equal rates applied with the seed, and with one-half seed placed, one-half deep banded. The P rates were applied onto the same plots each year in a cropping sequence of canola(Brassica napus L.), four crops of wheat (Titicum aestiwmL.) and then canola. Plots were located on a Melfort silty clay soil (Orthic Black Chernozem). In combination with MAP treatrnents, ammonium nitrate was applied by deep banding and by broadcast-incorporation to bring the total N application rate to 75 kg ha-'. Control treatments of 0-0 and I l-20 kg of N-P, respectively, were also included. In the first year of the experiment, when soil moisture conditions were dry, seed placement.ofthe P fertilizer, on average, resulted in a significantly higher grain yield (1.01 t ha-') of canola than deep banding (0.88 t ha-'). In the last year of the experiment, canola grain yields for the two placements were not significantly different (1.87 vs. 1.83 t ha-'). Over the 4yr that wheat was grown there was no significant difference in grain yield between seed placed P and deep banding (2.97 vs.2.95 tha-'). Seed placement of P resulted in a higher grain yield (3.05 t ha-') with N broadcast than with N deep banded (2.90 t ha-'), but with half-seed plus half-deepbanded P the yield was higher with N deep banded (3.08 t ha-') than with broadcastincorporated (2.87 t ha-'). The application ofN and P over the 6 yr increased the available P in the soil from 7.5 (control) to 12.9 p,g of P g-' soil (N P treatments with 75 kg N ha-'). In general the application of P fenilizer either by deep banding or placement with the seed of the crop gave similar yields with the exception that at the low rates of P, seed placement was better for canola in the first year of the crop sequence. Cette 6tude vise h d6terminer si I'application en bandes profondes de P est aussi efficace que la distribution de P en bandes avec la semence. On a appliqu6 du phosphore (MAP)

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