During combustion of the nitrocellulose film, a significant amount of the toxic gases is released at the initial stage of the fire. This complicates the safe evacuation of film and photo storage personnel. The exact qualitative and quantitative composition of toxicants is unknown. Therefore, the assessment of the toxicity of combustion products of the above film is an urgent task. The purpose of the study is to experimentally determine the specific formation coefficients and partial density of the most hazardous toxic gases released during nitrocellulose film combustion. Modernization of a small-sized experimental setup was conducted, which allows to estimate the phosgene concentration. The composition of the film combustion products was experimentally studied. Experimental methods were are used for measuring and processing the combustion parameters of substances and materials, as well as the methods for analyzing the results obtained. During the experiments, the partial densities and specific formation coefficients of carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, and nitrogen dioxide were obtained. Hydrogen cyanide and phosgene were found to be the most hazardous toxicants. The maximum weight is estimated related to the film placed in a room of a given volume, at which the partial densities of carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, phosgene and nitrogen dioxide do not reach the critical values for humans. The results obtained will allow expanding the database of combustible load on the specific coefficients of formation of the above compounds, which is used in the calculation of fire risks in the storage of film and photographic documents. During combustion of the nitrocellulose film as the most hazardous combustible load in these rooms, it is necessary to consider the time of blocking escape routes by carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, and nitrogen dioxide.
Currently, flame retardant materials made from polymers with flame retardant additives are widely used. However, the thermal effects of the fire on these materials from the point of view of the release of toxic gases are not sufficiently studied. The purpose of the article is an experimental assessment of the toxicity of the gaseous environment of a room during thermal decomposition of flame retardant signal cables used in the industrial premises and in the buildings with a massive presence of people. Experimental method is used for studying the process of formation of the hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide during thermal decomposition of the cable product samples in a small-scale pilot plant. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out. Density of the radiant heat flux incident on the cable surface, which is characteristic of a fire in a room, is modeled. Dependences are obtained concerning the partial densities of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, as well as the specific emission coefficients of these gases on the duration of experiments in the case of thermal decomposition of a modern flame retardant signal cable of the ng LS FR HF E1180 brand, the insulation of which is made of polymers with flame retardant additives. It is found that this cable under real fire conditions can release toxic compounds (carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide) in the concentrations exceeding their maximum allowable values during the evacuation of people from the premises. The obtained values of the specific mass coefficients of formation of CO and HCN, as well as the specific mass coefficient of O2 absorption, can be used in the mathematical models of the dynamics of fire hazards when calculating the time of blocking escape routes in the industrial premises, as well as in the buildings with a mass stay of people, where flame retardant signal cables are located.
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