No abstract
Fractional distillation of petroleum products (GOST 2177, ASTM D 86) is widely used for sufficiently effective estimation of their distillation.It was previously [1][2][3] found that this process is described by the equationswhere ν is the proportion of distillate; τ = ( T -T IBP ) / (T -T EP ) is the dimensionless distillation temperature; T, T IBP , and T EP are the current temperature, initial boiling point, and end point; k is the distillation intensity coefficient at T = T av ; a is the distillation symmetry coefficient. Additivity of the properties of the petroleum products is important for fractional distillation and describing it with a mathematical model. Additivity allows going from less informative fractional distillation to the TBP curves that characterize the composition of the petroleum products in detail and determining the cutpoints of crude oils and petroleum products, including those that distill at temperatures above 400°C, without using a vacuum, i.e., significantly expanding the boundaries of using the traditional method of fractional distillation.
Automatic analyzers are compared (the traditional types AFSA, AD 86-5G, and minidistillation) to give the fractional composition of liquid oil products. There is an indisputable advantage in minidistillation analyzers of generations 1, 2, and 3. A basic aspect of successful realization for minidistillation analyzers is considered: the algorithm for transferring from the factual measurements in the liquid phase of the oil product to the data obtained in accordance with GOST 2177-99. It is found that the new algorithm provides results that satisfy the requirements of that standard for all pale oil products. The algorithm has been checked out on a considerable body of experimental data.The PMD-100 (110) instruments (Polotsk minidistillation) are increasingly used in the automatic analysis of oil product fractional composition [1,2]. Out of the analyzers for minidistillation of the first, second, and third generation, those of the second generation produced by the Polotsk State University together with the firm of ISL (France) were realized throughout the world in 2002, and in 2008 they were included in the international standard ASTM under the notation AD 7345. Table 1 gives the characteristics of some traditional automatic fractional composition analyzers and some minidistillation ones.Practical use of minidistillation data as recorded on the liquid phase of a boiling oil product requires transfer to GOST 2177-99 (ASTM D 86), which users employ. When one processes the characteristics of various liquid oil products, allowance must be made for their properties; one also has to consider methods of monitoring the temperature and the proportion of distillate, and also methods of determining the start and end of boiling for a boiling oil product, and the differences in apparatus.In standard methods (GOST 2177-99 or ASTM D 86), the start of boiling is determined from the fall of the first drop in the receiving cylinder, while the end of boiling is determined from the maximum attainable temperature of the oil product during distillation. To monitor the distillation temperature by standard methods, one uses a glass thermometer of type TIN 4.1 (TIN 4.2) or ASTM 7C (ASTM 8C), which is installed in accordance with the rules at the outlet of the vapor in the upper
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.