Chickpea is rich in protein and micronutrients and plays a significant role in human diet especially as accompaniment to staples, but grain yields in Ethiopia are still below the crop potential. Field experiments were conducted during 2007/8-2009/10 to determine relationships among yield and some yield components using correlation and path coefficient analysis in desi chickpea grown under rainfed conditions. Correlation studies revealed that seed yield was significantly and positively correlated with days to flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, stand count at harvest, plant height and biomass. The path coefficient analysis based on seed yield, as a dependent variable, revealed that biomass had the greatest direct effect on seed yield (0.0146) and followed by stand count at harvest and plant height. Both correlation and path analyses indicated that biomass, stand count at harvest and plant height were the major direct contributors to seed yield. Thus, the present study suggests that more biomass production, stand count at harvest and plant height are major yield factors in selecting high yielding desi chickpea cultivars.
The genetic progress in seed yield and yield related characters of 10 kabuli chickpea varieties released by the Ethiopian Chickpea Crop Improvement Program from 1974 to 2017 was assessed during the main cropping season. The varieties were evaluated in the Randomized Complete Block design at Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center experimental research farm. The overall increase in seed yield over the local check, DZ-10-4, was estimated to be 739 kg/ha (38.9%). On station grain yield increased from 1900 to 3250 kg/ha during the last 43 years and the overall increase in seed yield of the Arerti variety over the oldest variety DZ-10-4 was estimated to be 1350 kg/ha or 71.1%. Based on the regression analysis, the estimated average annual rate of increase in grain yield potential was 10.87kg/ha/year with an annual relative genetic change of 0.57%/year. Genotypic change was an important source for increased grain yield potential during the studied period. Positive genetic gains were observed for the yield traits (grain yield and yield components). The average cumulative gains over 43 years of breeding was, therefore, 445.67 kg (23.37%) for seed yield, and 30.26 g for hundred seeds weight (297.7%). Hundred seed weight revealed the most dramatic response to breeding for the last 43 years. It is, therefore, strategically advisable that breeding efforts in the future should give due attention to yield related traits of kabuli chickpea varieties.
This investigation was conducted during two successive seasons (2019/2020; 2020/2021) on almost 12year old identical Gold Nugget mandarin trees Citrus reticulata Blanco (Wilking mandarin x Kincy mandarin), grafted on Volkamer Lemon (Citrus volkameriana) (VOL) rootstock cultivated in a private orchard located in Al Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. The trees were grown at a distance of 2 × 6 m in silt soil under the Immersion irrigation system. To study the effect of hand thinning, chemical thinning using NAA at 400ppm, Potassium nitrate (5gm/L), Spirulina platensis ( algae extract) (2cm/L) and Potassium sulfate (1.25g/L) +Zinc sulfate (2.5g/L) +Salicylic acid (0.11g/L) on vegetative growth, fruit quality and yield of Gold Nugget mandarin trees. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with five replications. Results illustrate that most of the experimental treatments significantly increased tree canopy volume both hand or chemical thinning was the highest value and Chemical thinning treatment significantly increased leaf area. Potassium nitrate foliar spray significantly increased shoot thickness, number of leaves/ shoot. Spirulina platensis treatment enhancing of the spring growth cycle, number of flowers, fruit-set, number of fruits/tree, tree yield efficiency as the number of fruit / M 3 canopy and vitamin C. as for Potassium sulfate + zinc sulfate+ Salicylic acid treatment was superior with statistic differences for tree yield as kg/tree and kg/ M 3 , fruit physical properties (fruit weight, fruit size, Juice volume, Juice weight and fruit Pulp Weight).
The present investigation was carried out during two successive seasons (2018/2019; 2019/2020) on almost 12-year old identical Gold Nugget trees (Citrus reticulate, Blanco) (Wilking mandarin x Kincy mandarin), grafted on three rootstocks cultivated in a private orchard located in Al Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. The trees were grown at a distance of 2 × 6 m in silt soil under the Immersion irrigation system. This investigation aimed to study the effect of some citrus rootstocks on Gold Nugget mandarin trees Growth and Productivity. Three citrus rootstocks were: Troyer citrange Citrus sinensis 'Washington' x Poncirus trifoliate (Tr.), Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) (SO.) and Volkamer Lemon (Citrus volkameriana) (VOL). The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with five replications. The obtained results showed that Gold Nugget grafted on Troyer citrange rootstock recorded the highest significant values of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophylls, total carbohydrates, spring growth cycle, fruit set and yield. Whereas Gold Nugget grafted on Sour orange rootstock recorded the highest significant values of shoot thickness, Leaf surface area, Rate Increasing canopy, vitamin C and TSS/ acid ratio. Regarding Gold Nugget grafted on Volkamer lemon rootstock recorded the highest significant values of dray matter percentage, the number of leaves, tree Canopy, summer growth cycle, flowering, fruit Physical properties and acidity percentage.
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