Plant Growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a heterogeneous group of bacteria (eg-Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus etc.) that are associated and colonized with root surface of plant. The rhizosphere of plant, contains different type of bacteria but only 2-5% of bacteria act as a PGPR (Antoun and Prevost, 2005). Bashan 1998;Gupta et al. 2000;Lucy et al. 2004 revealed that growth promoting ability of some rhizospheric bacteria is highly specific with plant species. In present scenario, PGPR plays an important tool for sustainable agriculture and trend for the future. The increasing demand for crop production with consequential reduction of synthetic fertilizers and pesticide use a big challenge. PGPR is a new alternative practice in Indian agriculture and it is an eco-friendly approach which can help by directly and indirectly mechanism to facilitating the growth and yield of the plant. The direct mechanisms likes nitrogen fixation, phosphate solublization, potassium solublization, siderophore production, phytoharmone production (i.e. IAA, Cytokinin, GA, Ethylene) etc. while indirect mechanisms likes Antibiotic production, Hydrolytic enzyme production, Induced systemic resistance (ISR), Exopolysaccharide production etc. The mechanisms of PGPR include regulating hormonal and nutritional balance, inducing resistance against plant pathogens and solubilizing nutrients for easy uptake by plants.
Green forage availability is very important to maintain livestock health and productivity and this is particularly essential in dairy entrepreneurship where consistent and regular supply of green fodder is imperative to sustain the milk production. Green herbage in addition to energy also provides vitamins, minerals with better dry matter digestibility (Surve et al., 2012). The field experiment was conducted at research farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar during kharif season of the year 2019 to study the effects of cereal fodder based cowpea intercropping. The soil of the experimental field was loamy in nature and medium in organic carbon (0.54 %), low in available nitrogen (172.84 kg/ha), available phosphorus (28.56 kg/ha) and available potassium (161.34 kg/ha) and neutral reaction. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) design consisting of 11 treatments viz.
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