Kidney and liver mitochondria of rat, rabbit and guinea pig are able to transform 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate into acetoacetate, whereas ox liver mitochondria and rat mitochondria of heart, diaphragm and brain do not exhibit such an activity. Starvation and streptozotocin treatment decreases the formation of acetoacetate from 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate. Addition of acetoacetate and succinate to the incubation media of mitochondria results in a decrease in the transformation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate into acetoacetate. A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA hydrolase is present in rat liver mitochondria; the activity does not show appreciable changes after starvation or streptozotocin treatment.In the early 1950s the main site of synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA was identified with the mitochondrion, and from there the 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl-CoA was postulated to be transported to other cellular sites (Block et al., 1954).It is now well established that there are at least two different pathways for the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA: one is involved in ketogenesis and is located in the mitochondrion, and the other is found in the cytoplasm and is involved in the synthesis of cholesterol Lane et al., 1973;Clinkenbeard et al., 1973).We have previously reported (Deana et al., 1974) that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA can be formed in rat liver mitochondria through the following reaction: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutarate+3-carboxypropionylCoA = 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA+succinate (1) To determine whether this reaction has relevance to the process of ketogenesis we have studied the activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate in conditions of ketosis caused by either starvation or streptozotocin-induced diabetes.The transformation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl[3-'4C]-glutarate into acetoacetate via 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA by rat liver mitochondria posed the question of a possible physiological formation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate within the mitochondria. We therefore investigated the existence of a mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylCoA deacylase activity. Vol. 172 Materials and MethodsWistar albino rats (250-300g) of either sex were used for the experiments. For preliminary experiments livers and kidneys of guinea pig, rabbit and ox were also used.The rats were divided into four groups. The control group received a standard laboratory pellet diet and the rats were deprived of food 16h before being killed by decapitation. A second group was starved for 72h. The rats termed the streptozotocintreated group were injected intraperitoneally with a solution of 40mg of streptozotocin/ml, corresponding to 8 mg/100g body wt. They were fed ad libitum until 16h before being killed and their food intake during the treatment was not significantly different from that of control rats. The streptozotocin (a gift of Dr. H. B. Wood, Jr., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.) was dissolved immediately before injection in 0.9% (w/v) NaCl slightly acidified (pH 5.0) with HCI. In this case th...
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