A new technique of internal transcatheter cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation using high energy shocks (200 to 300 joules) was performed in 10 patients. In all patients, external cardioversion (300 to 400 joules) and pharmacologic therapy failed to restore sinus rhythm. Atrial fibrillation was poorly tolerated despite digitalis therapy alone (five patients) or in combination with amiodarone (five patients). High energy transcatheter cardioversion was performed by pulling back the atrioventricular (AV) junction catheter just inferior to the site of His bundle recording and delivering the shock between a proximal electrode (catheter) and backplate (anode). High energy internal cardioversion restored sinus rhythm in 9 of the 10 patients. However, atrial fibrillation recurred within 3 min in two of them; in the remaining patient, the procedure failed to terminate atrial fibrillation. The only complication observed was transient (3 to 315 s) heart block immediately after shock delivery and this was treated by temporary pacing. Seven patients had sinus rhythm on discharge from the hospital, but in three, recurrent atrial fibrillation appeared at 8 days and 2 and 4 months, respectively. A second attempt of transcatheter cardioversion was performed in two patients and was successful in one patient. With a follow-up ranging from 2 to 11 months, five patients continued to have sinus rhythm. These preliminary results suggest that high energy internal cardioversion may be an alternative to AV junction ablation in selected patients with poorly tolerated chronic atrial fibrillation in whom external cardioversion was unsuccessful.
Falipamil hydrochloride (AQA 39) is a new antiarrhythmic agent structurally related to verapamil. We evaluated the electrophysiologic properties of intravenous falipamil (1.5 mg kg-1 within 20 minutes) in 12 patients. The spontaneous cycle length was significantly (P less than 0.001) prolonged (+79 +/- 59 ms). Atrioventricular conduction was significantly (P less than 0.001) shorter due to AH interval shortening (-17 +/- 14 ms), most probably related to an anticholinergic effect. Similarly, the anterograde Wenckebach point occurred at a significantly (P less than 0.06) higher rate after falipamil (+10 +/- 7 beats min-1). No statistically significant effect was noted on the refractory periods of the AV node, although there was a trend to shortening. The refractoriness of the right atrium and ventricle was significantly prolonged. It is concluded that falipamil is a bradycardiac agent with electrophysiologic properties quite different from those of verapamil and similar to those of class IA antiarrhythmic agents.
LACOMBE P, ET AL: Intravenous flecainide in the management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Intravenous flecainide (1.5 mg/kg) was given to 30 patients with acute supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: atrial fibrillation (12 patients), atrial flutter (7 patients), and reciprocating tachycardia due to reentry through an accessory pathway (5 patients). The total rate of conversion to sinus rhythm was 18 out of 30 patients (60%), 11 out of 11 patients (100%) with reciprocating tachycardia and 7 out of 19 patients (37%) with atrial flutter or fibrillation. In those patients not converted to sinus rhythm, the mean ventricular rate significantly ( P < 0.1) slowed from 140 ± 15 beats/min with slowing of ventricular rate below 100 beats/min in 2 patients. Tolerable side effects occurred in 5 patients (17%) and included transient moderate hypotension (1 patient), blurred vision (1 patient), and transient conduction defects (3 patients). We conclude that intravenous flecainide is a safe and effective antiarrhythmic agent for the termination of acute reciprocating tachycardias and moderately useful for the management of atrial flutter or fibrillation. (
LACOMBE P, ET AL: Intravenous flecainide in the management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Intravenous flecainide (1.5 mg/kg) was given to 30 patients with acute supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: atrial fibrillation (12 patients), atrial flutter (7 patients), and reciprocating tachycardia due to reentry through an accessory pathway (5 patients). The total rate of conversion to sinus rhythm was 18 out of 30 patients (60%), 11 out of 11 patients (100%) with reciprocating tachycardia and 7 out of 19 patients (37%) with atrial flutter or fibrillation. In those patients not converted to sinus rhythm, the mean ventricular rate significantly ( P < 0. 1) slowed from 140 ± 15 beats/min with slowing of ventricular rate below 100 beats/min in 2 patients. Tolerable side effects occurred in 5 patients (17%) and included transient moderate hypotension (1 patient), blurred vision (1 patient), and transient conduction defects (3 patients).We conclude that intravenous flecainide is a safe and effective antiarrhythmic agent for the termination of acute reciprocating tachycardias and moderately useful for the management of atrial flutter or fibrillation. (
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