Magnetoreflectivity has been used to deduce the spin polarization of the quantum Hall ferromagnet at around a Landau level occupancy of ν = 1. The single particle electron g-factor has been controlled by the use of a series of quantum wells of different widths. The results show that the system remains partially polarized for a range of occupancies near ν = 1, possibly due to the action of disorder. A sharp Skyrmion-like peak in the polarization only appears at very low values of g-factor.
Measurements of the reflectivity of a 2-D electron gas are used to deduce the polarization of the Composite Fermion hole system formed for Landau level occupancies in the regime 1 < ν < 2. The measurements are consistent with the formation of a mixed spin CF system and allow the density of states or 'polarization' effective mass of the CF holes to be determined. The mass values at ν = 3/2 are found to be ∼ 1.9me for electron densities of 4.4 × 10 11 cm −2 , which is significantly larger than those found from measurements of the energy gaps at finite values of effective magnetic field.The fractional quantum Hall effect has been very successfully described in terms of the picture of Composite Fermions [1] [2], however considerable uncertainties exist about both the Composite Fermion masses and the role of spin and the formation of partially polarized states [3][4][5][6][7]. In particular Park and Jain [3] have pointed out that the CF mass measured from activation measurements of the energy gap may be substantially smaller than the thermodynamic or "polarization" mass which determines the equilibrium spin populations of the carriers, an idea which has received some recent experimental support [6]. In this paper we describe a direct measurment of the polarization of the 2D Composite Fermion (CF) gas and deduce values for the polarization mass.In the Composite Fermion model 2D electrons at filling factor ν = 1/2 form a new collective state with quasiparticle excitations, known as Composite Fermions, and zero effective magnetic field. If the Zeeman energy is small compared to the equivalent Fermi energy in the Composite Fermion system the spin polarization of the 2D electrons around ν = 1/2 deviates from 100% even at zero temperature. Cyclotron-like quantization of the energy spectra of the Composite Fermions away from ν = 1/2 causes oscillations in the spin polarization of the 2D electrons at integer filling factors for Composite Fermions. Simultaneously, transport properties of the 2DEG become controllable by the ratio of the cyclotron energy for the Composite Fermions to the Zeeman energy [4] [8]. In spite of this evidence for partial polarization of the CF system direct measurements of the CF Fermi wavevector suggest that the system is close to fully polarized both at ν = 1/2 [9] and at ν = 3/2 [10].In this work we report direct measurements of the properties of Composite Fermion holes in the region of level occupancy 1 < ν < 2. For small values of the Zeeman energy a very convenient way to treat the unoccupied states in the zeroth Landau level in the region 1 < ν < 2 is as "holes" [4] with an effective filling factor given by ν h = 2 − ν e relative to completely filled electron sublevels of both spins. The properties of such holes in the region 1 < ν e < 2 are equivalent to the properties of electrons in the region 0 < ν e < 1 if the energy scale for the Coulomb interaction is much less than the cyclotron energy. Thus a new Composite Fermion system is generated around filling factor ν h = 1/2 which corresponds to...
We present magnetoreflectivity results indicating the observation of skyrmions in a two-dimensional hole system. The structure is chosen so that the complex valence-band structure causes a crossing of the lowest two spin-split Landau levels at fields near = 1. This reduces the Zeeman energy with respect to the Coulomb energy sufficiently to allow the formation of skyrmions. The formation of antiskyrmions at higher fields is rapidly suppressed due to the rapid divergence of the Landau levels at these magnetic fields.
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