Discomfort eye syndrome (DES) comprises a series of ‘minor’ subjective symptoms in patients where no relevant clinical signs are observed suggesting ocular disease. Our study includes 100 DES patients, excluding video terminal users, selected from the First Aid Service of our Department over two peak periods in both winter and summer time. The Schirmer test I, ferning test, breakup time and conjunctival cytology (scraping and imprint) were performed and data were related to sex, age and air pollution indexes, recorded in the patients’ living zones. Our results demonstrate that: (i) the ocular surface cytology and the analysis of tear film changes provide significant information in those patients where no other clinical signs are evident; (ii) DES symptoms are more frequent in women than in men (ratio about 2:1), both with ages over 51 years; (iii) DES is significantly associated with ocular surface inflammation, as detected by cytological methods, and (iv) ocular surface subclinical inflammation and ocular dryness are related to high concentrations of atmospheric polluters, in both sexes.
Direct immunofluorescence, on the other hand, was done to show up the MAC leucocytary a n t i g e n h r the evaluation of the esterasic non-specific activity of the monocytes, a direct immunofluorescence was performed on histological sections of the Matrigel cleaned of paraffin with trypsin 0.1%.The sensitivity of this experimental model of angiogenesis in vivo was evaluated in preliminary experiments by adding to the Matrigel known quantities of angiogenetic factors of proteic (bFGF, TNF, VEGF) and lipidic (PAF) natures. The results were expressed as percentage * SME of the vascular area with respect to the total Matrigel by means of one-way ANOVA Dunnet's test.Aqueous humour was obtained from 5 patients (2 male and 3 female) who were diabetic, of whom 2 were affected by quiescent retinopathy and from 5 patient$ all male, with neovascular glaucoma. In addition, as control group, the aqueous humour of 6 patients (3 male and 3 female) with senile cataract was studied. The three groups of patients did not differ significantly as to mean age: 67*7,61*4 and 74*6 respectively. Results and discussionThe aqueous humour of diabetic patients with or without retinopathy proved to possess in vivo a powerful angiogenetic activity which causes intense neoformation of vascular structures characterized by an evident lumen A similar angiogenetic activity was observed when the Matrigel was incubated with the aqueous humour of patients affected by neovascular glaucoma ( fig. 1 - panel B).The area occupied by the newly-formed vessels with respect to the total of Matrigel was 72*7%0 and 34+15%0 respectively ( fig. 2).On the contrary, the aqueous obtained from patients affected by senile cataract did not show in vivo any significant angiogenetic response ( fig. 1 -panel D). ConclusionsThis work demonstrates for the first time in an in vivo model of angiogenesis that the aqueous humour of patients affected by diabetic retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma can induce a ma- Color doppler imaging and plasma levels of endothelin-1 in low-tension glaucomaEye Clinic, University of Bologna, Bologna AbstractEndothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelin cellsThere are reports in the literature that ET-1 plasma levels are raised in low tension glaucoma (LTG On the basis of our experience, we think that GON and the visual field damage found in LTG can be attributed to an alteration in the endothelial selfregulating sections and consequent vascular insufficiency, particularly pronounced in the posterior ciliary arteries which, since it is these that provide the blood supply to the optic nerve head, leads to irreversible functional damage.
Purpose: To investigate the interactions occurring at the interface between some currently used vitreous tamponading substances and the ocular tissues, in an early follow-up after surgery. Methods: Adult albino rabbit eyes underwent vitrectomy and were injected intravitreally with silicone oils at 1,000 or 3,000 cSt, fluorosilicone oil and perfluorodecalin. Different morphological techniques (light microscopy, scanning and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry) were applied. Results: All the tested materials, although non-toxic, penetrate the ocular tissues also at the anterior segment level, and in the long-term follow-up this can yield functional impairment. No massive inflammation has been detected in the zones in contact with the materials, but immunoglobulins and complement fractions are anyway present in the stroma of various tissues and around the droplets of emulsified materials, suggesting a local immune reaction. Conclusions: Data from this study confirmed that a permanent vitreous substitute, showing a perfect biocompatibility, still does not exist. The indication to remove the tamponading substance within 2 months after the surgery emerges from this investigation, confirming previous studies. Despite some negative features, silicone oil still appears the most biocompatible material for vitreous replacement.
Purpose: To study, with an objective method, inflammation of the anterior segment of the glaucomatous eye after treatment with latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma aged between 38 and 76 years (mean 64.0 ± 12.2) were randomly assigned to latanoprost 0.005, travoprost 0.004 and bimatoprost 0.03%. The study period lasted 6 months. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured every 2 weeks. We studied the intraocular inflammation before and after 3 and 6 months of therapy with an instrument composed of a He-Ne laser beam system, a photomultiplier mounted on a slitlamp microscope and a computer. This flare meter allows objective determination of the flare and the number of cells in the aqueous of the anterior chamber. Results: At the baseline, IOP was 26.4 ± 3.6 mm Hg. After 3 months of treatment, mean IOP in the latanoprost group was 17.9 ± 0.3 mm Hg (p < 0.001) with a mean cellularity of 12.638 ± 3.284 photons/ms (p < 0.001). The travoprost group had an IOP of 17.2 ± 0.3 mm Hg (p < 0.001) with a cellularity of 9.719 ± 1.927 photons/ms (0.001). Finally, IOP in the bimatoprost group was 17.6 ± 0.5 mm Hg (p < 0.001) with a cellularity of 6.138 ± 1.475 photons/ms (p < 0.032). After 6 months of treatment, IOP in the latanoprost group was 18.1 ± 0.3 (p < 0.001), in the travoprost group 17.3 ± 0.3 (p < 0.001) and in the bimatoprost group 17.7 ± 0.5 mm Hg (p < 0.001), whereas cellularity was 11.838 ± 3.218 (p < 0.001), 8.950 ± 3.692 (p < 0.001) and 7.617 ± 2.603 photons/ms (p < 0.001), respectively. After 3 months, the travoprost (p < 0.013) and the bimatoprost groups (p < 0.001) had less flare compared with the latanoprost group and this remained so even at 6 months. When we compared the travoprost group with the bimatoprost group, we found significantly less flare at 3 months in the bimatoprost group (p < 0.001) but not at 6 months (p < 0.246). Conclusions: The flare meter analysis shows that the eyes treated with bimatoprost and travoprost have a less significantly broken blood-aqueous barrier and their anterior chamber is also significantly less inflamed.
This study confirms the multifactorial pathogenesis of posterior capsule opacification and suggests its incidence will be reduced by improving surgical techniques and using IOL surfaces that discourage cell adhesion.
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