High performing sensor consisting of SnO2/Gn nanocomposite was fabricated using a novel one-step in-situ sonochemical method. The reducing properties of SnCl2 was used to reduce graphite oxide (GO) so that SnCl2 could be transformed to SnO2 on the basal plane of graphene. The combined characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transformed Infra-Red spectroscopic data (FTIR) indicated the successful formation of SnO2/Gn composites. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the gas sensor showed ideal ohmic behavior having low resistance. To demonstrate the product on sensing application, gas sensors were fabricated using SnO2/Gn composites and used in detecting ethanol vapor at room temperature (27°C).The results indicate that the SnO2/Gn composite exhibits a considerably high sensing performance of 17.54% response at 150 ppm ethanol vapor, rapid response and reproducibility. Furthermore, the performance of the gas sensor based on SnO2/Gn is very stable for a long period of time under normal operating conditions. Therefore, it is suggested that SnO2/Gn can be considered as an excellent sensing material which also has a potential for wider range of applications on sensors.
A novel symmetric supercapacitor electrode material, rGO-SnO2-polyaniline nanocomposite,was synthesized using graphite oxide, SnCl2.2H2O, and pure Aniline as precursors in a scalable and straightforward one-pot process. Analysis revealed that the rGO-SnO2-polyaniline composite had been successfully synthesized. When the two-electrode supercapacitor was assembled using 1M H2SO4, it showed an outstanding specific gravimetric capacitance of 524.2 F/g at a 5 mV/s scan rate. To the best of our knowledge, such a higher value for a two-electrode specific capacitance for a supercapacitor was never reported.Furthermore, even at a high current density of 1 A/g, the material disclosed an outstanding charge-discharge characteristic. Thus, the rGO-SnO2-polyaniline nanocomposite couldalso be used as an electrode for commercial supercapacitors.
The initial research on rechargeable batteries started focusing on both Lithium and Sodium but Lithium was more attracted because of its higher energy density. Later considering the cost of lithium, research has been directed to explore the possibility of using Sodium for rechargeable batteries because of its high abundance and low cost compared to Lithium. In this study we focuses on sodium Nickel oxide as the cathode material of the sodium iron rechargeable battery and tests were carried out to find the formation of crystal structure. Synthesis of NaxNiO2 nonporous active material were made using solid state reactions at 700°C and the material development was studied by XRD characterizing technique. The developed NaxNiO2 was used as the active cathode material in a rechargeable half cell. The characterization confirmed the crystal structure of NaNiO2 to be monoclinic, and also its surface morphology. Electron transition status test revealed the specific energy band gap to be 5.16 eV. Charge transfer resistance of the cathode material obtained was 13,121 Ω. The further investigations on charge discharge revealed the maximum efficient charging rate per gram as 7.5 mA for 0.12 hours and maximum rate of discharge for maximum charge retention as 25 mA rate of charge per gram of NaxNiO2 which was the active
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