The paper documents the development of the available information for the thermal conductivity offluid H 2 0 since the promulgation ofthe first international formulation for the transport properties of water substance in 1964. As a result of this development, the International Association for" the Properties of Steam has adopted new recommended interpolating equations for the thermal conductivity of fluid H 2 0 at pressures up to 100 MPa and at temperatures up to 800 0c. These new international equations are discussed.
The simultaneous processing of auditorily and visually presented messages was examined in three experiments. Subjects searched lists of words for a target word while processing auditorily presented information. Across conditions, subjects searched for (a) target words in a list of words presented auditorily, (b) the same target words in lists presented visually, (c) a member of a taxonomic category in a visually presented list, and (d) a rhyme in a list of words presented visually. The level of processing of a simultaneous auditory message varied across experiments. In experiment 1, subjects shadowed lists of digits. In Experiment 2, subjects reported the antonym of each word in a list. In Experiment 3, subjects named the taxonomic category of each word in a list. In all three experiments, subject had high detection rates for target words presented visually and for category targets but low detection rates for target words presented auditorily and for rhyme targets. These results suggest that processing the semantic properties, but not the acoustic properties, of words presented to the visual modality is independent of simultaneous processing in the auditory modality. Implication for models of selective attention are discussed.
A numerical model based on a transformed, conservative form of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and an analytical model based on “lumped” fluid parameters are presented and compared with studies of modeled rotor/bearing/seal systems. The rotor destabilizing factors are related to the rotative character of the flow field. It is shown that these destabilizing factors can be reduced through a descrease in the fluid average circumferential velocity. However, the rotative character of the flow field is a complex three-dimensional system with bifurcated secondary flow patterns that significantly alter the fluid circumferential velocity. By transforming the Navier-Stokes equations to those for a rotating observer and using the numerical code PHOENICS-84 with a nonorthogonal body fitted grid, several numerical experiments were carried out to demonstrate the character of this complex flow field. In general, fluid injection and/or preswirl of the flow field opposing the shaft rotation significantly intensified these secondary recirculation zones and thus reduced the average circumferential velocity, while injection or preswirl in the direction of rotation significantly weakened these zones. A decrease in average circumferential velocity was related to an increase in the strength of the recirculation zones and thereby promoted stability. The influence of the axial flow was analyzed. The lumped model of fluid dynamic force based on the average circumferential velocity ratio (as opposed to the bearing/seal coefficient model) well described the obtained results for relatively large but limited ranges of parameters. This lumped model is extremely useful in rotor/bearing/seal system dynamic analysis and should be widely recommended. Fluid dynamic forces and leakage rates were calculated and compared with seal data where the working fluid was bromotrifluoromethane (CBrF3). The radial and tangential force predictions were in reasonable agreement with selected experimental data. Nonsynchronous perturbation provided meaningful information for system lumped parameter identification from numerical experiment data.
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