A number of attributes that has proved useful to delimit subfamilial taxa within the Portulacaceae are critically assessed and some little used ones are introduced. The attributes are polarised by an outgroup comparison and a Wagner tree constructed. Some reversals which occur on this tree are considered unacceptable and branches are moved to eliminate this factor, although a longer tree, in terms of character state changes, is produced. A phylogenetic sequence is proposed on this basis and a new classification of the family attempted. On the basis of these results it is suggested that: (1) the genus Calandrinia s.

Kranz anatomies found in members of the order Chenopodiales are described except those found in the family Chenopodiaceae which have been described previously. Illustrations are provided of the gross anatomy of the leaf and of the ultrastructure of the Kranz cells. The structure of the meso- phyll and the relative abundance of starch grains in mesophyll cells indicate that in some species the mesophyll may be functionally differentiated. It is suggested that these species show partial Kranz syndromes. Comments are made on the taxonomic significance of the Kranz syndrome within the order.

No abstract

Boronia and Boronella form a monophyletic group within the tribe Boronieae of the Rutaceae. A cladogram for this group, constructed using 32 morphological characters, is presented. According to this hypothesis, Boronella is a monophyletic subgroup within Boronia, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic, and therefore we recommend that Boronella be included within Boronia. Two competing hypotheses of cytoevolution in Boronia are evaluated by superimposing them onto the cladogram. Smith-White's model requires fewer postulated polyploid and aneuploid changes in numbers of chromosome than James' model and is therefore preferred. The sister group of the New Caledonian species (Boronella plus Boronia koniambiensis) is restricted to disjunct south-eastem and south-westem areas in Australia. Under a vicariance model of historical biogeography this indicates that New Caledonia separated from Australia before the east-west separation within Australia. Wilson has provided the most satisfactory infrageneric classification for Boronia when compared with the cladogram.

By a comparison of the ultrastructural features of the parenchymatous bundle sheath and the mesophyll it can be shown that the grasses can be divided into a number of groups roughly corresponding to those proposed by Brown, viz. Pooid, Eragrostoid, Panicoid, Arundinoid, Bambusoid and Aristidoid. In particular the ultrastructural features strengthen the grounds for separating the eragrostoid type of leaf anatomy from the panicoid type. These ultrastructural differences seem to be correlated with differences in photosynthetic pathways, and, where they d o not correlate with the taxonomic divisions, neither d o the photosynthetic pathways. The correlation with a taxonomy based on microcharacters as well as macroscopic characters is generally good except in the case of "Phragmitiform" grasses, and in particular the tribe Danthonieae, which seems to require a serious detailed extensive investigation.