Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) and corresponds to prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the dose response effect of the fungal yeast phase for the standardization of an experimental model of septic arthritis. The experiments were performed with groups of 14 rats that received doses of 103, 104 or 105 P. brasiliensis (Pb18) cells. The fungi were injected in 50 µL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) directly into the knee joints of the animals. The following parameters were analyzed in this work: the formation of swelling in knees infused with yeast cells and the radiological and anatomopathological alterations, besides antibody titer by ELISA. After 15 days of infection, signs of inflammation were evident. At 45 days, some features of damage and necrosis were observed in the articular cartilage. The systemic dissemination of the fungus was observed in 11% of the inoculated animals, and it was concluded that the experimental model is able to mimic articular PCM in humans and that the dose of 105 yeast cells can be used as standard in this model.

The purpose of this study was to investigate using light microscopy the fibrocellular components of arachnoid granulations affected by mild and severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. The erythrocytes were in the channels delimited by collagenous and elastic bundles and arachnoid cells, showing their tortuous and inter-communicating row from the pedicle to the fibrous capsule. The core portion of the pedicle and the center represented a principal route to the bulk outflow of cerebrospinal fluid and erythrocytes. In the severe hemorrhage, the fibrocellular components are disorganized, increasing the extracellular channels. We could see arachnoid granulations without erythrocytes, which cells showed big round nucleus suggesting their transformation into phagocytic cells.

RESUMO O Estado do Paraná é o maior produtor sericícola brasileiro. A atividade é explorada em aproximadamente 200 municípios, envolvendo cerca de 7.000 produtores rurais. Durante o estágio de lagarta, o bicho-da-seda (Bombyx mori L.) é susceptível a doenças causadas por vírus, fungos e bactérias. Estas doenças podem gerar sérios danos na produção de casulos e, conseqüentemente, prejuízos para o produtor. Com o objetivo de se verificar os entomopatógenos associados a lagartas de B. mori no Estado do Paraná, foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho nas principais regiões produtoras, no período de novembro de 2002 a abril de 2003. Para tanto, lagartas suspeitas de infecção, vivas e/ou mortas foram coletadas diretamente dos barracões de criação das empresas sericícolas. O material coletado foi armazenado em frascos plásticos identificados e colocado em caixas térmico. No laboratório, as lagartas foram processadas utilizando-se metodologias específicas de acordo com o patógeno suspeito. Após o isolamento foram identificados os entomopatógenos Baculovírus (31,4%), Beauveriabassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (5,3%) e Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (2,2%).