This chapter introduces the sustainable perspectives of tourism. It also discusses the structure of the book. Sustainability provides the lens through which island tourism can be considered as positively contributing to the economic, social and ecological conditions of islands. It is hoped that this book, by bringing a sustainable perspective to the study of island tourism, will increase an understanding of how best to manage these ecologically fragile, socially sensitive and economically vulnerable places as tourism is developed further.
has been the fastest growing and most important industry accounting for 20-70% of their external receipts. These island economies have comparative advantages in tourism because of their small market sizes, rich marine resources, tropical or subtropical climate, rich and unique cultural heritages, hospitality-oriented peoples, service-intensive nature of tourism. Tourism is a "service" as well as an "export" industry which will substitute for a manufacturing industry where small island economies do not have comparative advantage. Island tourism, however, heavily depends on islands' fragile and extremely limited natural as well as cultural resources. Islands' over-expanded tourism industry has created various socioeconomic ecological issues such as cultural friction, water shortage, environmental degradation, food insecurity, imported inflation and family problem on the life of islanders. The major objective of this paper is to identify and quantify "carrying capacity" of tourism dependent island economies focusing on Okinawa where tourism expanded about tenfold in the past three decades. Okinawa's tourism industry is now facing a serious turning point because the total tourists' expenditures have been declining in recent years in the midst of increasing trend of tourists who consume the huge amounts of islands' fragile, nonrenewable resources. This paper particularly demonstrates that the supply of water is the single most important limiting factor for sustainable tourism development for any small islands.
This chapter reviews the nature of sustainable tourism planning on the Shetland Islands of Scotland. This chapter discusses the nature of tourism planning, control and development on the Shetland Islands, which were recently selected as one of the most sustainable tourism destinations in the world in a global survey. The importance is emphasized of local control of planning and development if a more sustainable approach is to be taken.
This chapter reviews the difficult journey of Fraser Island towards sustainability. This chapter describes the setting and historical context of tourism development, covering the previous sand mining and logging economy and describing the process of attaining world heritage listing in the 1990s, and the impetus that this has given to tourism development. As this book goes to press, another sand island off the Queensland coast in Australia, North Stradbroke island, is undertaking a similar transition from sand mining to ecotourism.
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