The aim of this report is to emphasize the use of methylene staining test and the Nd:YAG laser in the diagnosis and treatment of premalignant lesions and CIS of the bladder. The use of an appropriate solution of methylene blue (0.2% in 0.9 M NaCl for 15 min) permits the staining of premalignant areas and CIS, and their early diagnosis. Laser irradiation of the stained areas facilitates the treatment of lesions. The technique was utilized in 8 patients without noteworthy side effects. It allowed an adequate treatment of the lesions and provided good results.
— We carried out an investigational study of early detection of prostate carcinoma, using digital rectal examination (DRE) and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). We determined the detection rate and some profiles of the carcinoma detected by screening in men from 50 to 80 years old. The detection rate was 2.3% in 1345 participants. In 20 men (64.5%) the disease was T1c or T2 and in 16 patients we performed radical prostatectomy.
Transrectal ultrasound was performed in 19 patients with suspected local pelvic recurrence after a radical pelvic operation: 8 had undergone radical prostatectomy and 11 radical cystoprostatectomy. Transrectal sonography verified the presence of recurrence in 18 of 19 patients (94.7%) and this was confirmed by biopsy of the visualised lesions. Analysis of the sonographic echo patterns encountered revealed that in 14 of 18 recurrent neoplasms (77.7%) the echogenic pattern was hypoechoic. In the remaining 5 patients (26.3%) the echo pattern was isoechoic. No hyperechoic lesions were noted. Based upon our findings and because of the low costs compared to other diagnostic modalities, transrectal ultrasound is an ideal technique to complete digital rectal examination in evaluating patients suspected of local pelvic recurrence after radical pelvic operation.
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