An experimental study on the development of water-conserving irrigation technology with the use of super swelling hydrogels synthesized out of local raw material has been conducted for three years under the condition of arid automorphic soils of western Uzbekistan. The development of new and affordable water-conserving technologies is critical for the sustainable development of irrigated agriculture in arid zones that severely affected by growing water scarcity. The experiments were aimed at determining the properties of hydrogels, establishing quantitative indicators of the water-holding ability of automorphic soils depending on the methods, norms, and time of application of highly swellable polymer hydrogels under conditions of cotton cultivation. The experiments were conducted under conditions of the irrigated by lifted water automorphic soils and cultivation of the Andijan-35 cotton variety. Results of the study show that use of highly swellable polymer hydrogels with a norm of 50 kg/ha under traditional agrotechnology conditions in conditions of automorphic soils based on improved traditional furrow irrigation technology allows reducing water consumption for irrigation by 15-17% in the first year, by 12-14% in the second year and by 9-11% in the third year of experiments. Due to the longer duration of moisture conservation in the soil, the period between irrigations is extended by 10-12 days, the number of irrigations is reduced.
Sustainability of irrigated agricultural development has been severely impacted by global climate change in recent decades, which is among the main environmental and economic problems facing the world community. The article presents the results of the research conducted in selected areas of irrigated agriculture in eastern Uzbekistan to study the impact of climate change on agricultural production and the agricultural producer’s perspective and awareness. Major factors affecting agricultural producers’ behavior under climate change and their current practices and skills for adapting to climate change were studied. The field study has been conducted in 9 districts located in two regions of the Ferghana valley. The respondents-representatives of agricultural producers selected from the list of Farmer’s Associations members taking their location relative to irrigation water sources into account. Quantitative analysis of data carried out with the use of SPSS-22 software. As the research results show, the impact of climate change on irrigated agriculture has become incredibly tangible in the last decade. It affected the situation with losses in yields of up to 16% and decreasing the quality of agricultural products. The rural population’s vulnerability factors include low income from agriculture, acute dependence on irrigation in conditions of increasing water scarcity, low level of applied technologies, adaptation measures, low yields, land degradation, etc. Analysis of the research results, and other related studies on this issue, allows us to indicate directions for improving adaptation measures in the short, medium, and long-term periods.
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