CUS can improve diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Sonography also reveals small infarcts which remain undetected with other imaging procedure such as helical CT.
Rib fractures could be found about twice as often US than x-ray. There was no difference in the diagnosis of sternal fracture. Detection of fluids (local haematoma and pleural effusion) is better via US than by x-ray. Therapeutical consequences may follow a quick bed-side diagnosis by US in a patient who needs intensive care. Other aspects after detection of a rib fracture US apart from thoracic contusion are psychological effects for the patients (usually they can cope better with their pain), the importance in the interpretation of the duration of incapacity to work and the additional information provided by expert opinions.
We conclude that chest sonography is a sensitive and cost effective imaging method for the diagnosis of pleuritis. Aspiration of pleural fluid for further diagnostic or therapeutic procedures can be safely performed.
Whether the angular artery is the continuation of the facial or the ophthalmic artery has been a matter of debate. In the case that the angular artery is the continuation of the facial artery, the blood flow runs upward from caudal to cranial. On the other hand, when the angular artery is the continuation of the ophthalmic artery, the blood flow runs in the reverse direction. We sought an uncomplicated, non-invasive and reliable method to detect angular vessels and trace the direction of their blood flow.Thirteen adult volunteers of both genders were included in the study. The patients were healthy individuals between 20 and 60 years of age. The examination and imaging of the angular artery was performed using a color Doppler ultrasound. The angular artery was present in all cases on the right side but absent in three cases on the left side. The source of the angular artery was the facial artery in eight cases on the right side and six cases on the left side. In all other cases, the source of the angular artery was the ophthalmic artery. An angular vein was always present but not running concomitant to the artery in seven cases. When the facial artery was compressed at the mandibular border, the flow persisted only in those angular arteries that arose from the ophthalmic artery with the exception of one case involving both sides.Our study revealed that color Doppler ultrasonography is a noninvasive and reliable method for detecting the angular artery and vein and determining the direction of their blood flow. Thus, color Doppler ultrasonography is an uncomplicated method for adequate planning of axial nasolabial and other axial angular artery flaps even in real time before or during surgery.
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