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Crossbred gilts (n=54) of about 26.38±0.85 kg body weight and 25 weeks of age were randomly divided into 18 groups of 3 animals each. Three dietary treatments viz., T 1 , T 2 and T 3 were formulated. The treatment T 1 containing maize grain (35%) and wheat bran (47%) along with soybean meal and fish meals served as control diet. Rice bran (RB) was selected as a single source of fat (13.02%) and fibre (17.12%), which was gradually increased in diets T 2 (41%) and T 3 (82%) replacing maize grain and wheat bran of T 1 at 50% and 100% in the diets T 2 and T 3 , respectively. The fat and fibre levels of the diets were thus 3.46 and 5.24, 9.31and 9.69 and 11.61and 13.26% in T 1 , T 2 and T 3 , respectively. All the diets, however, contained almost similar concentration of CP (18.35±0.29%). Each dietary treatment was offered to six replicated groups of 3 piglets in following completely randomized design and feeding was continued for 112 days during the growing phase. Growth, feed utilization, reproductive performance, nutrient utilization and different blood biochemical parameters were studied. Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion were lower (p<0.01) in T 3 in comparison to T 1 or T 2 . Digestibility of all the nutrients except EE was reduced significantly (p<0.01) in T 3 . Serum glucose level decreased (p<0.01), whereas the urea and cholesterol concentration in the blood increased (p<0.01) in T 3 . The duration of estrus of pigs fed diet containing 82% RB (T 3 ) was highly variable within the group, but all the groups showed statistically similar duration of estrous. Feed cost per unit gain was found to be comparable between control (T 1 ) and T 2 group. The results indicated that RB can be included up to 41% in swine diets replacing 50% of maize and wheat bran. Higher concentrations of ether extract and fibre beyond 9.31 and 9.69% in diet had detrimental effect on growth, nutrient utilization and reproductive performance.

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| An attempt was made to calculate the feeding economics of Landrace crossbred pig on replacement of balanced ration with kitchen waste and poultry offals. Twenty-four gilts were selected at eight months of age and randomly allotted to 3 groups viz, sole concentrate (C), kitchen wastes (K) and poultry offals (P) substituted groups. Further, eight gilts of each group were divided into two subgroups of four each for feeding once or twice a day (C1 and C2 in Control, K1 and K2 in K group, P1 and P2 in P groups, respectively). All the three diets were offered in one or two frequencies i.e., single diet 10:00hr or twice daily at 10:00hr and 16:00hr. Crude Protein (CP) in the standard ration was replaced by using kitchen wastes or poultry offals by substituting 40% of the CP in the control diet and rations were formulated iso-nitrogenously (18.40%). The feed intake of sows during gestation and lactation was recorded. It was observed that feed cost per sow per day was significantly lower (P<0.01) both during gestation and lactation in sows in groups K and P. Altogether the total cost of feeds incurred on sows upto weaning were significantly (P<0.01) highest in C (Rs. 2913.76±111.11), followed by P (Rs. 2263.29±92.38) and lowest in K (1448.61± 88.15) group. This finding indicates that the cost of feeding pigs can be significantly minimized by substituting the costly concentrate feed with kitchen wastes and alternate unconventional source of poultry offals at 14% and kitchen wastes at 40% level of inclusion.

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