Our study has shown that when EMF tracking was used for image-guided lumbar pedicle screw placement, accuracy was improved and the incidence and degree of cortical perforations that may place neurovascular structures at risk was also reduced. Current system requirements for set-up and image acquisition, however, do add time to the procedure, and when factored in, do not yet result in a decrease in the use of fluoroscopy or screw insertion time.
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