Studies have been made on the direct esterification reaction with various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids using more than theoretical concentration of glycerol (for maximum monoglyceride production) at 180C reaction temperature and in presence and absence of alkaline catalyst. The results show that the maximum monoglyceride formed is in the range of 55舑60% of the fatty product at equilibrium stage of the reaction. The alkaline catalyst substantially increases the initial rate of reaction without appreciably lowering the time required for reaching the equilibrium concentration of monoglyceride in the resulting reaction mixture. Catalyst helps in depressing diglyceride formation.
Extraction of soybean flakes with 90, 95, 98 and 100% ethanol resulted in more rapid lipid and less rapid non‐lipid removal with the increasing ethanol concentrations. There was little difference in the quality of the oil produced by the different solvents. Protein content of the residual meal averaged 52.1%.
Marine and fresh water fish were depleted of tissue unsaturated fatty acids to various degrees and subsequently presented with linoleic and linolenic acids at different dietary levels, at different temperatures, with and without other dietary fat.Examination of the tissue fatty acids demonstrated that marine and fresh water fish do not differ between themselves or from other classes of animals in the following basic mechanisms of deposition and interconversions of dietary fatty acids:
The fish are readily depleted of tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Dietary linoleic and linolenic acids are deposited, the former to a greater degree than the latter.
At high levels of linoleic or linolenic acids in the diet there is no significant degree of their conversion to the longer chain more highly unsaturated acids typical of marine oils.
At low levels of linoleic or linolenic acids in the tissues there is a significant, but slight, conversion to the longer chain acids at low environmental temperatures.
The increase in the level of linoleic acid in tissue lipids which accompanies increases in the dietary levels, quickly tapers off above dietary levels of 5%.
Temperature differences between 13 and 23C had little or no influence on the deposition or interconversion of polyunsaturated acids.
Dietary cottonseed oil, which contains cyclopropene fatty acids, produces an increase in tissue stearic acid in the fundulus.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.