The issue of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries recycling is currently relevant due to a number of aspects: economic, environmental and social. It is most acute across the national corporation JSC Russian Railways. The article deals with some technological features of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries recycling with valuable components being extracted (from the example of nickel-cadmium storage batteries of JSC "RZD" rolling equipment). The results of leaching in Trilon B synthetic oxides solution, the presence of which is possible in the raw material being processed, are presented in the study. Based on the study of leaching processes of CdO, NiO, FeO, Femet and Fe 2 O 3 in Trilon B solution, the dependence of complexing on the pH of the solution was revealed. The experimental site of the hydrometallurgical processing of the research center (OCGP IC) in the GMO KhMC PJSC "Uralelectromed" was selected as the testing one for the technology proposed. As a raw material for the tests, a lot of negative lamellae packed in alkaline storage batteries of two different types were used. They were obtained as a result of preliminary drying and cutting at OOO Kursk factory "Accumulator". The particle size is 90% -0.1 mm. The results obtained during the research allowed the author to formulate a hypothesis about the practical use of Trilon B for the processing of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries with the extraction of valuable components having greater economic, environmental and social benefits compared to methods based on pyro metallurgy.
ВведениеОколо 80 % производимого в мире кадмия исполь-зуется в Ni-Cd-аккумуляторах [1]. Проблема их пере-работки с получением товарного продукта становится все более острой по мере увеличения масштабов про-изводства и расширения сфер применения батарей данного типа (в настоящий момент это в основном тяжелая промышленность и военная техника).В мировой практике известны несколько подхо-дов к переработке кадмийсодержащей набивки от-рицательных ламелей Ni-Cd-батарей.Серно-кислотное выщелачивание [2]. Основными его преимуществами являются сравнительно высо-кая скорость процесса и использование недорогого реагента -серной кислоты. В качестве недостатков отмечаются неселективное растворение (железо пе-реходит в раствор вместе с кадмием) и низкая степень регенерации кислоты после цикла выщелачивания.Соляно Проведены испытания технологии переработки набивки отрицательной ламели щелочных батарей с использованием ор-ганических растворителей, в ходе которых были достигнуты степень перехода кадмия в раствор около 97 % (при этом зафиксирована высокая чистота растворов, а следовательно, и качество конечного продукта) и степень регенерации раст-ворителя на уровне 98 %. Сквозное извлечение кадмия по схеме составило 96-97 %. Предложены варианты повышения этого показателя. Испытания проводились на опытном участке предприятия ОАО «Уралэлектромедь» (Свердловская обл., г. Верхняя Пышма). Ключевые слова: Ni-Cd-батареи, органический растворитель, отрицательные ламели, щелочные аккумуляторы, ре-циклинг. There were conducted tests of processing practice relating to padding of negative charged bar of alkaline battery, with the use of organic solvents, during which were attained level of cadmium's transfer into solution up to 97 % (by doing so was established high purity of solution, and consequently end product quality) and solvent regeneration level was 98 %. Throughout recovery of cadmium for whole technology was 96-97 %. There were offered options of enhancement. Tests were conducted at test field of enterprise OJSK «Uralelectromed» (Sverdlovsk region).
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