The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a catalyst support in organic synthesis is summarized. The recovery of expensive catalysts after catalytic reaction and reusing them without losing their activity is an essential feature in the sustainable process development. The aim of this article is to highlight the progress in the synthesis and catalytic applications of magnetic catalysts in organic synthesis. The heterogenization of the catalyst using magnetic nanoparticles allows it to be recovered and reused using an external magnet.

Microwave, ultrasound, sunlight and mechanochemical mixing can be used to augment conventional laboratory techniques. By applying these alternative means of activation, a number of chemical transformations have been achieved thereby improving many existing protocols with superior results when compared to reactions performed under traditional conditions. The purpose of this critical review is to highlight the advances in this general area by presenting such newer applications in organic synthesis (175 references).

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Sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride (Sg-CN) is synthesized and deployed in the conversion of carbohydrates to furanics; enhanced acidity and stability of Sg-CN are exploited for converting carbohydrates to biologically important scaffolds and platform chemicals.