Hydroxytyrosol acetate (HT-AC) is a polyphenol present in virgin olive oil (VOO) at a proportion similar to hydroxytyrosol (HT) (160-479 mmol/ kg oil). The present study was designed to measure the in vitro platelet antiaggregating activity of HT-AC in human whole blood, and compare this effect with that of HT and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The experiments were designed according to the standard procedure to investigate the activity of ASA. HT-AC and HT inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen or arachidonic acid in both whole blood and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). ASA and HT-AC had a greater effect in whole blood than in PRP when ADP or collagen was used as inducer. ASA and HT-AC had a greater effect in PRP þ leucocytes than in PRP alone. All three compounds inhibited platelet thromboxane B 2 and leucocyte 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1a (6-keto-PF 1a ) production. The thromboxane/6-keto-PGF 1a inhibition ratio (as an indirect index of the prostanoid equilibrium) was 10·8 (SE 1) for HT-AC, 1·0 (SE 0·1) for HT and 3·3 (SE 0·2) for ASA. All three compounds stimulated nitric oxide production, although HT was a weaker effect. In our experiments only concentrations higher than 500 mM (HT) or 1 mM (HT-AC and ASA) inhibited 3-nitrotyrosine production. All three compounds inhibited the production of TNFa by leucocytes, with no significant differences between them. In quantitative terms HT-AC showed a greater antiplatelet aggregating activity than HT and a similar activity to that of ASA. This effect involved a decrease in platelet thromboxane synthesis and an increase in leucocyte nitric oxide production.
Despite enzyme immunoassay overestimates in establishing sirolimus levels in whole blood, its correlation with chromatography is acceptable. Added to its benefits versus chromatographic techniques, this renders enzyme immunoassay a good alternative for the measurement of sirolimus levels in whole blood.
BackgroundHepatitis C is a serious disease with high prevalence, being the leading cause of liver transplantation. The development of well-tolerated and highly-effective direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has dramatically changed the therapeutic landscapePurposeAssessing of the effectiveness of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV), paritaprevir/ombitasvir/ritonavir±ribavirin (PTV/OBV/r±RBV) and sofosbuvir/simeprevir (SOF+SIM) used for the treatment of the hepatitis C virus genotype-4 infection.Material and methodsRetrospective and observational study during year 2015. Inclusion criteria: patients with HCV genotype-4 infection treated for 12 weeks either with SOF/LDV or SOF+SIM or PTV/OBV/r±RBV during study period. Exclusion criteria: patients with no data available. Outcomes collected: demographics: age and sex. Clinical data: basal viral load (VL), SVR at week 12 (SVR12), defined as HCV RNA titres lower than 15 IU/mL. METAVIR score: F0 to F4. Liver transplant; HIV co-infection; previous treatments for HCV. Data were collected from the medical records of patients.ResultsTreatment SOF/LDV: 21 patients were included (75% males) with mean age of 52±6.60 years. METAVIR score: F4 (cirrhosis) (33.33%); F3 (33.33%); F2 (19.04%) and F1 (14.28%). 66.66% patients were HIV-coinfected and no patients was liver transplanted. Fifty per cent were pretreated with ribavirin/peginterferon and 28.57% had a basal VL >800,000 UI/ml. All patients (21/21=100%) achieved SVR12.Treatment SOF+SIM: 23 patients (86.95% males) were included with mean age 51.88±4.33 years. METAVIR score: F4 (cirrhosis) (47.82%); F3 (39.14%); F2 (13.04%). HIV-coinfected patients 43.47%, pretreated with ribavirin/peginterferon 52.17% and 52.17% had basal VL>800,000 UI/ml. 86.95% (20/23) achieved SVR12, one naive-non-cirrhotic patient and two pre-treated-cirrhotic patients did not get SVR12.Treatment PTV/OBV/r±RBV: 26 patients (88.46% males) were included with mean age 51.60±4.34 years. METAVIR score: F4 (cirrhosis) (46.15%); F3 (38.46%); F2 (15.38%). HIV-coinfected patients 38.46%, pre-treated with ribavirin/peginterferon 19.23% and 50% had basal VL>800,000 UI/ml. 96.15% (25/26) achieved SVR12.ConclusionThe SVR12 rates achieved in this study with the treatments SOF/LDV and PTV/OBV/r±RBV match the results obtained in published clinical trials ION-4 and PEARL-I, respectively. In the SOF+SIM group, 86.95% achieved SVR12, which is slightly lower than the value obtained in the PLUTO study. Indeed, these new drugs show a high rate of response, which has revolutionised the management of chronic hepatitis C.No conflict of interest
factors for the time to first flatus, start of feeding and discharge were analysed (eg, taking promotility agents, such as metoclopramide), but no significant differences were found between the two groups (p=0.375, 0.162, 0.960). Conclusion and relevance Could evidence based medicine lead to an equally satisfying practice? The implementation of the interprofessional team was essential (eg, the core physician team had not participated at the beginning and thus missed many possible cases).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.