Results are presented of laboratory, semi‐field and field tests to assess the side effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms obtained during the third testing programme of the Working Group “Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms” of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), West Palaearctic Regional Section (WPRS). The programme included 22 pesticides, 19 beneficial organisms, and was carried out by 19 group members in 9 European countries. Beside the results of the third testing programme, data on the side effects of 62 pesticides tested in all three joint programmes carried out between 1977 and 1985 are summarized in 7 different croporientated tables. These tables include beneficial organisms that are relevant to, and pesticides that are used on (a) vegetable crops (especially Brassica spp.), (b) glasshouse crops, (c) top fruit, (d) cereals, (e) root and forage crops (sugar‐beet, potato, rape, corn), (f) vine and (g) forestry. Among the 62 pesticides tested, the following 25 compounds were of limited persistence and/or were relatively less toxic to the natural enemies tested: Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis), Torque (fenbutatin oxide, AAzomate (benzoximate), Dimilin (diflubenzuron), Tedion V 18 (tetradifon), Kelthane (dicofol), Spruzit‐Nova‐flüssig (pyrethrum + piperonylbutoxide), Pirimor‐Granulat (pirimicarb), Nimrod (bupirimate), Bayleton (triadimefon), Ronilan (vinclozolin), Orthocid 83 (captan), Cercobin‐M (thiophanat‐methyl), Ortho Difolatan (captafol), Derosal (carbendazim), Daconil 500 (chlorothalonil), Plondrel (ditalimfos), Pomarsol forte (thiram), Dithane Ultra (mancozeb), Illoxan (diclofop‐methyl), Semeron (desmetryn), Betanal (phenmedipham), Kerb 50 W (propyzamid), Cycocel Extra (chlormequat), Rhodofix (naphthyl acetic acid). Zusammenfassung Ergebnisse des dritten gemeinsamen Prüfungsprogrammes für Pflanzenschutzmittel der IOBC/WRPS‐Arbeitsgruppe “Pflanzenschutzmittel und Nutzorganismen” Im Rahmen eines dritten gemeinsamen Prüfprogrammes der Arbeitsgruppe “Pflanzenschutzmittel und Nutzorganismen” der Internationalen Organisation für Biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung wurden Pflanzenschutzmittel in Labor‐, Halbfreiland‐ und Freilandprüfverfahren auf Nebenwirkungen gegenüber Nutzorganismen getestet. Die Ergebnisse der Prüfungen von 22 Präparaten an 19 verschiedenen Nutzorganismen, die von 19 Gruppenmitgliedern in 9 europäischen Ländern erarbeitet wurden, werden dargestellt. In dieser Arbeit sind außerdem die bisher in drei gemeinsamen Prüfprogrammen erzielten Ergebnisse von insgesamt 62 Präparaten in 7 verschiedenen, auf Kulturen bezogenen, Tabellen zusammengefaßt. In diesen Tabellen sind nur solche Präparate bzw. Nutzorganismen angegeben, die in den entsprechenden Kulturen bzw. Kulturgruppen angewandt werden bzw. dort von Bedeutung sind. Es wurden Tabellen erstellt für Gemüse im Freiland, Gemüse unter Glas, Obst, Getreide, Hackfrüchte + Futterpflanzen, Weinbau und Forst.

Forstliche Versuchs-und Forschungsanstalt B a d en -W ü rt tem berg, D-7801 Stegen-W ittental Sex Pherom one, (Z ,£ )-5 ,7 -D o d ec ad ie n al, P h ero m o n e In hibitors, Olfactory Receptors, D endrolim us pini, L asiocam pidae The principal com ponent o f the fem ale sex p h e ro m o n e of the E uropean pine m oth Dendrolimus p in i L. (L asiocam pidae) was identified as (Z ,E )-5 ,7 -dodecadienal by capillary gas chrom atography, m ass spectrom etry, single receptor analyses, and field trap p in g tests. T rap s initially baited with 1000 ng o f (Z ,£ )-5 ,7 -d o d e c ad ien a l (> 9 9 % Z E ) effectively m onitored low D. p in i p o p u latio n s over 6 weeks w ithout rebaiting. C aptures d isa p p ea red upon addition o f ^ 1% o f either (£ ,Z )-5 ,7 -d o d e c ad ien a l or (Z ,£)-5,7-dodecadienyl acetate, the key stim u la n ts for additional receptor cell types located in m ale an ten n al h a ir sensilla. The Forest Services o f central E uropean coun tries w ith stands o f Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) en dangered by the feeding o f Panolis flam m ea Schiff. (Noctuidae), Lymantria monacha L. (L ym antriidae), Dendrolimus pini L. (L asiocam pidae) and Bupalus piniarius L. (G eom etridae), are req u ired by law to survey for population densities o f these lepidopterous pests. Bogenschütz [1,2] has em phasized th e p o te n tial o f traps baited w ith sex-attractant chem icals for early detection o f population increases am ong low (non-dam aging) populations o f P. flam m ea and L. monacha. We report here the id en tificatio n o f the prim ary sex pherom one com ponent p ro d u ced by the female European pine m oth, Dendrolimus pin i L. We also describe a synthetic chem ical fo rm u latio n suitable for use in population m onitoring o f this species by survey traps. Fem ale sex pherom one com ponents are c h e m i cally known for four species o f the fam ily L asioReprint requests to E. Priesner or M. D. C hisholm . 0341-0382/84/1100-1192 $ 0 1 .3 0 /0 cam pidae. The tent caterpillars Malacosoma disstria Hbn. and M. californicum Pack, produce sex p heromones whose principal com ponents are (Z ,£ )-5 ,7 -dodecadienal ( Z 5 ,£ 7 -1 2 ;A id) and (£ ,Z )-5 ,7 -d o d e cadienal (£ 5 ,Z 7 -1 2 : Aid) [3, 4], T he sex p h ero m o n e o f the Japanese pine m oth Dendrolimus spectabilis Butl. was reported as (Z ,£ )-5 ,7 -d o d e c a d ie n -l-o l (Z 5 ,£ 7 -1 2 : O H ) [5, 6], and th at o f the M asson pine m oth D. punctatus Wlk., as a co m b in atio n o f this alcohol with the corresponding acetate and p ro p io n ate [7, 8].All four geom etrical isom ers o f the 5,7-dodecadien-l-ols and their acetate and ald ehyde a n a logues were included in o u r study o f the D. pini pherom one. The 5,7-dodecadienes were synthesized and purified by W ittig condensation reactions previously described [9,10]. T he purity o f all final products was b etter th an 98%; the Z 5 ,£ 7 -1 2 :A ld had a purity o f b etter th an 99%.N erve im pulse responses o f single recep to r cells located in h air sensilla (S. trichodea) ...

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Investigations on the use of pheromone‐baited traps for monitoring the population dynamics of Operophthera brumata L. (Lepid., Geometridae) The conventional way of monitoring the density of the winter moth with sticky bands on the tree trunks is tedious. The aim of the study is to replace the conventional method with a less expensive procedure. To do so, it is necessary to find a relationship between the number of males caught in pheromone‐baited traps and their population density in an area. For this purpose the catches of Operophthera brumata‐males on sticky bands, in ground photo‐eclectors and in different traps baited with pheromones are compared with each other. The experiments were performed in SW Germany. The winter moth population was in the endemic level on the observation plots in 1983/84 (Tab. 1). The curves of the catches on sticky traps and in the pheromone‐baited traps are quite similar (Tab. 2). But pheromone‐baited traps are a much more sensitive means to evaluate the activity of the males. The shape of the curves depends to a great extent on changes in temperature. The catch of the pheromone‐baited Biotrap® (Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/Main) is often reduced by scales, which are coming off the moths' wings and cover the sticky cardboard inside the traps. Younger males still have much more scales than older ones. When younger males are caught, the capacity of the trap is much lower, because the glue will soon be covered with scales. In box traps with a fluid or gaseous killing medium the scales did not disturb the catches. With the catch of the ground photo‐eclectors a density of 1500 males and 2500 females per hectare could be calculated (Tab. 3). Because of the number of females on the sticky bands one has to assume that the real density of both sexes amounts to 5000 to 10,000 individuals. The window traps filled with a fluid medium caught a mean number of 986 males per trap. This is more than the funnel traps caught with 955 but less than the catch of one single Uni‐Trap® (International Pheromones Ltd., Warrington, England) with 1068 males (Tab. 2). A number of five to ten traps per hectare would be enough in endemic moth populations to catch all individuals. The results show that Operophthera brumata is an ideal object to do further experiments for a longer time period, with the aim to evaluate the relation between the number of males caught in pheromone‐baited traps and their real density. For the exact analysis of this relation, it seems to be logical to perform comparative investigations in endemic and epidemic population densities of the moth. Zusammenfassung Die konventionelle Frostspannerkontrolle mit Leimringen ist aufwendig. Ziel der Versuche war es, die überwachung der Populationsdichteänderungen mit Leimringen durch den weniger teuren Einsatz von Sexuallockstoff‐Fallen zu ersetzen. Dazu war nötig, eine Beziehung zwischen der Anzahl in pheromonbeköderten Fallen gefangener Männchen und der Schlüpfabundanz im betreffenden Gebiet zu finden. Hierzu wurden die Fänge von Operophthera bru...

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