Over-exploitation coupled with adverse effect of increased human activities and lack of standard plantation endangers the germination of Lannea microcarpa seeds. An experiment was carried out to check the effect of different pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of African Grape (Lannea microcarpa L.). Pot trials was conducted during dry season at Botanic garden, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State using completely randomized design (CRD). Seeds were subjected to three different concentrations of sulphuric acid, hot water, cold water, physical treatment and untreated seed as control and were analyzed independently to obtain the best treatment periods. To remove the fungal spore and exudate, a total of nine hundred and sixty (960) viable seeds were selected and surface sterilized in 1.0% Sodium-hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 1 minute and rinsed three (3) times in sterile distilled water. 20 viable seeds were sown for each polypot. In chemical pre-sowing treatments, maximum germination percentage (85.00%) and early days to seedling emergence (8.00 days) were significant (P≤ 0.05) in seed treated with 50% dilute H2SO4 for 1 hour when compared to control and other time intervals. Similarly, in physical pre-sowing treatment, days to early emergence of the seedling were recorded in seed with full-sided scarification (6.00 days). Highest germination percentage (90.00 %) and early days to seedling emergence (6.00 days) were recorded in seed immersed in hot water for 10 minutes when compared to untreated (15.00 days). In Seeds immersed in cold water, the result did not produce significance differences (P> 0.05) among the treatments except for seeds immersed in cold water for 8.00 hours (80.00%) and early days to seedling emergence (6.00 days) when compared to other treatments and the untreated seed (15.00 days). These results suggested that seed with full-sided scarification (6.00 days), seed immersed in hot water for 10 minutes (6.00 days) and cold water for 8.00 hours (6.00 days) used in this study were optimum for the best treatments inducing emergence breakage of seed coat and the technology could be applied to generate seedling for future breeding programme.
Sesame is an important source of income and edible oil particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Its cultivation is constrains by many factors including lack of improved varieties. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of chemical mutagens (Sodium Azide and Para-dichlorobenzene) on yield and yield attributing traits in three sesame varieties (Ex-sudan, E-8 and JAN-IRI). Pot experiments were conducted during 2018 and 2019 dry seasons using completely randomized design (CRD). Seeds were treated with different concentrations (1.0 -4.0mM) of Sodium Azide or Para-dichlorobenzene to generate M0 plant which were allowed to produce seeds. The effect of mutagens on yield and yield attributing traits in Sesame was evaluated using M1 plant which were derived from the seeds of M0 plants. In JAN-IRI, 1.0 -2.0Mm of the mutagens significantly (p≤ 0.05) decreased the days to first flowering emergence (52.0 days) and increased the number of capsule ( 229), length of capsule (2.4cm) and number of seed per capsule (45.0). In EX-SUDAN, days to first flowering emergence (29.0days), number of capsule per plant (110), length of capsule (3.2cm) and number of seed per capsule (59.0) were significantly increased by 1.0 and 2.0mM Sodium Azide and para-dichlorobenzene repectively. Sodium Azide and para-dichlorobenzene at concentrations ranging from 1.0-2.0mM signicantly increased the seed weight and yield in both JAN-IRI, EX-SUDAN and E-8. Sodium Azide and paradichlorobenzene was very effecient in generating mutants with increased yield and yield attributing traits. These results suggested that the concentrations used in this study are optimum for inducing mutants of different traits in Sesame and the technology could be apply to generate materials for feature breeding programme.
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