Three families are described in which trophoblastic disease occurred in one or more pregnancies in two or more sisters. The possible role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of hydatidiform mole is reviewed in light of these data. We believe this to be the first report of familial occurrence of molar pregnancies.

Background: Adenomyosis is a prevalent gynaecological disorder among women and it is a major cause for AUB. Its diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination of hysterectomized samples. Moreover it is associated with other benign gynaecological pathologies. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of Adenomyosis and its association with other benign gynaec pathologies in hysterectomized samples.Methods: This retrospective of two year duration was conducted in obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Malabar Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, a tertiary care centre in Kozhikode, Kerala from 2019 June to 2021 June. 452 patients underwent hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding during this period. Among this, 76 patients had histologically proven adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimen and their case record were reviewed and the data was analysed.Results: The prevalence of Adenomyosis in this study was 16.8%. Majority of women were in age group of 41 to 46 (36.8%), followed by 46 to 50 age group (26.3%). 94 % of women were multipara with majority in para2 and para3 group. Only 6 % of women were nulliparous. Most common symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding (92%), followed by dysmenorrhoea and chronic pelvic pain. Majority had overlap of symptoms. 7% of women were asymptomatic. In 60 % of women no other gynaec pathologies were identified. Most common associated pathology was leiomyoma (15.8%), closely followed by endometriosis (13.2%). Endometrial hyperplasia was associated with adenomyosis in 3.9%of women and endometrial polyp in 2.6%. Ovarian pathologies identified were simple ovarian cyst (2.6%) and serous cystadenoma (1.3%).Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of adenomyosis was high and abnormal uterine bleeding was the patients’ most prevalent complaint. Among the associated gynaec pathologies, leiomyoma had the highest correlation with adenomyosis.

Introduction: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is defined as any deviation from the normal menstrual cycle that is abnormal in regularity, duration, volume and frequency. AUB may be accompanied by pain and discomfort which presents a substantial burden on patient’s health, quality of life, society and healthcare system. There is also an increased incidence of associated co-morbidities like thyroid disease, diabetes and hypertension in AUB cases. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of AUB according to the PALM-COEIN classification and its associated risk factors in the perimenopausal age group. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Gynecology Department of Malabar Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerela, India. The data was collected from the medical records and computerised system of the hospital for a period of one year from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 225 patients in the perimenopausal age group (40 years and above) attending Gynecology Outpatient Department (OPD) and admitted with complaints of AUB was included. Patient’s information such as age, menstrual history, obstetric history, medical and surgical history, laboratory tests, imaging findings, endometrial biopsy results was obtained and analysed. Data was entered in Microsoft excel excel and analysed by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 24.0. Results: The total number of patients attending the gynecology outpatient department during the study period was 11765. The total number of AUB cases during the study period were 2154, so the prevalence for AUB was 18.3%. For the assosciated risk factors, 255 patients were considered, where maximum number of patients 103 (45.3%) were in the age group of 45- 49 years. Structural causes accounts for 175 (77.6%) cases. Hypertension was the most common risk factor associated with AUB 68 (30.2%), followed by diabetes 32 (14.2%) and thyroid disorders 15 (6.6%). Conclusion: The prevalence of AUB was 18.3% in present study. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding - Ovulatory dysfunction and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding- Endometrial had statistically significant association with thyroid disease.

Background: VBAC has reduced the rate of repeat caesarean section in modern medicine. VBAC-TOL is successful in 60-80% of acceptable candidates if applied to all patients presenting with prior caesarean procedure (8.2-8.5%), there is potential to increase the overall vaginal delivery rate by 5%. Though the safety of VBAC in carefully selected patients have been demonstrated in several studies, controversy continues over when to advise patients who had caesarean section to undergo TOL. The purpose of current study was to know the success of VBAC, to know the maternal morbidity and mortality and foetal outcome in VBAC group.Methods: It was a prospective study performed on women with one previous LSCS admitted to tertiary care hospital for a period of one year from August 2018 to August 2019 at DM Waynad institute of medical sciences, Waynad.Results: In the present study 292 women with one previous LSCS were selected, among them 32 women had elective LSCS for various indications, 260 women underwent TOL. Among 260 women, 152 women achieved VBAC (58.46%) and 108 women underwent LSCS following failed TOL. Maternal morbidity was 9.61%. The incidence of scar dehiscence was 2.69% and uterine rupture was 0.38%. There was no maternal and foetal mortality in this study. NICU admission was 4.6%.Conclusions: Trial of labour should be encouraged in women with one previous LSCS with no obstetric complications.

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