Pleural effusion height measured by ultrasonography gives a reasonable estimate of effusion volume. Incorporating distance between lung base and diaphragm into estimation improves accuracy from 79% with the first method to 83% with the latter.
Developments and applications of on-line nuclear gauges in the coal industry are highly requested. In this work, a nuclear ash gauge for coal, based on T-ray transmission techniques is developed. Single and dual energy T-ray beams are used to determine the ash content of coal. The percentage ash content as a function of the T-ray intensities transmitted through coal samples is measured and sensitivity curves are obtained. An empirical formulation relating the ash content values to the T-ray intensities is derived. Preliminary results show that both single and dual energy Tray transmission techniques can be used to give a rapid on-line estimation of the ash concentration values in coal with low cost and reasonable accuracy, but the dual one is much preferable.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.