Contaminated groundwater from a pesticide production facility was assessed using whole-organism and in-vitro bioassays to determine the potential for these tests to replace or augment traditional chemical analyses being employed at this site. The groundwater, which is contaminated with ( ) a variety of pesticides organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate insecticides and pesticide ( ) adjuvants spreading agents, emulsifiers, etc. was sampled from an activated-carbon-based on-site remediation system before, during, and after the cleanup procedure. Toxicity was evaluated at each ( ) point using whole-organism 96-h acute Pimephales promelas, chronic 3-brood Ceriodaphnia dubia [ ( ) ᮋ ] and in-vitro submitochondrial particle SMP and Microtox bioassays. Chemical indicator parameters [ ( ) pentachlorophenol, gasoline-range organics GROs , and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes ( )] ( ) BTEX were also measured to compare with bioassay responses. 50% effective concentrations EC s 50 from the different tests indicate that the whole-organism assays were slightly more sensitive than the in-vitro assays: the order of sensitivity was C. dubia) P. promelas) SMP ) Microtox ᮋ , but responses were quite similar. All assays showed decreasing toxicity as cleanup progressed, mimicking the ( ) concomitant decrease in chemical concentration parameters. A toxicity identification evaluation TIE analysis, conducted using the in-vitro bioassays, identified pentachlorophenol as the major contributor to toxicity in the samples with additional contributions likely from other less-prevalent compounds. Results suggest that these in-vitro tests can be credible alternatives to whole-organism bioassays for monitoring remediation of system effluents and that they can complement chemical analyses with useful effects-based toxicity data. ᮊ
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