Background: Urinary bladder carcinoma is more common in elderly males than females. Urothelial (Transitional cell) carcinoma is the most common histological subtype. Objective: The purpose of present study was to describe the different histological features observed in transurethral resection of bladder tissue and to determine the association of tumor grade with stage and also of the age with grade and stage of tumor. Methods: An analytical Cross sectional study, conducted in the Department of Pathology Fatima Jinnah Medical University Lahore, Pakistan from August 2019 – April 2021. Total 80 specimens of transurethral resection of bladder tissue (TURBT) were included. All the specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with Hemotoxylin Eosin stain and studied under the light microscope. urinary bladder malignancies were classified, staged and graded according to the WHO/ISUP guidelines. Results: Total n=80 cases were included in the study. Mean age of the male patients was 59± 1.13 years and 50±1.1 years in females. N=76(95%) were malignant and only 4 (5%) were benign cases. Out of 76(95%) malignant cases, 48 (63.1%) were high grade urothelial carcinoma and 28 (36.8%) were low grade carcinoma. N=33 (43.4%) were invading the lamina propria (T1) and 43 (56.5%) were invading the detrusor muscle (T2).Low grade tumors showed lamina propria invasion (T1) in 18 (64.2%) cases and muscular invasion (T2) was seen in only 10(35.7%) cases. N=33(68.7%) of high grade tumor were invading the deep muscle (T2) and 15 (31.2%) were limited to lamina propria (T1). Tumor with high grade morphology were diagnosed at advanced stage and was observed more frequent in elderly patients. Statistically significant association of tumor histological grade with stage and also of patient's age with tumor grade and stage was observed p
Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease in developing countries which may impose multiple negative impacts on the quality of life. The possible role of psychosocial factors in the aetiology of inflammatory periodontal diseases needs further investigations to establish the fact. Objective: To evaluate the general periodontal health and the relationship of periodontal inflammation with multiple common stress factors among the socially deprived and separated women residing in a shelter home of Multan city. Methods: This group comparative study spanned over one month. Through purposive sampling, a cohort of 115 women aged 20-40 years, residing in the SOS village shelter home, Multan for more than a month were included. Women were divided into Cases (with stress) and Controls (without stress) and were matched for age and educational status. Periodontal examination was done employing Community Periodontal Index while Life Events Scale was used to assess the type of stress. A structured and validated questionnaire was used to record the readings. Descriptive statistical measures including mean and frequency percentages along with Logistic regression analysis were used employing SPSS version 21. Results: Significant relationship (P<0.001) was found between periodontal disease and self-health-related stress, financial stress and family health-related stress. Logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects who felt self-health-related stress are 0.016, financial stress are 0.125 and family health-related stress are 0.207 times more prone to have periodontal disease than those who never or rarely felt such stresses. Conclusion: Self-health-related stress, financial stress and family health-related stress are the potential risk indicators for the development of periodontal disease among socially deprived women
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.