BackgroundAgricultural waste is as an alternative low-cost carbon source or beneficial additives which catch most people’s eyes. In addition, methanol and sweet potato vine hydrolysate (SVH) have been reported as the efficient enhancers of fermentation according to some reports. The objective of the present study was to confirm SVH as an efficient additive in CA production and explore the synergistic effects of methanol and SVH in fermentation reactions.ResultsThe optimal fermentation conditions resulted in a maximum citric acid concentration of 3.729 g/L. The final citric acid concentration under the optimized conditions was increased by 3.6-fold over the original conditions, 0.49-fold over the optimized conditions without methanol, and 1.8-fold over the optimized conditions in the absence of SVH. Kinetic analysis showed that Q p, Y p/s, and Y x/s in the optimized systems were significantly improved compared with those obtained in the absence of methanol or SVH. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that methanol stress promoted the formation of conidiophores, while SVH could neutralize the effect and prolong Aspergillus niger vegetative growth. Cell viability analysis also showed that SVH might eliminate the harmful effects of methanol and enhance cell membrane integrity.ConclusionsSVH was a superior additive for organic acid fermentation, and the combination of methanol and SVH displayed a significant synergistic effect. The research provides a preliminary theoretical basis for SVH practical application in the fermentation industry.

We reproduce the di-electron spectra in the low and intermediate mass regions in most central Au+Au collisions by the STAR Collaboration incorporation of the STAR detector acceptance. We also compare our results with PHENIX data constrained by the PHENIX acceptance. We include the medium modifications of vector mesons from scatterings of vector mesons by mesons and baryons in the thermal medium. The freezeout contributions from vector mesons are also taken into account. The space-time evolution is described by a 2+1 dimensional ideal hydrodynamic model. The backgrounds from semi-leptonic decays of charm hadrons are simulated by the PYTHIA event generator and corrected by the nuclear modification factor of electrons from charm decays. It is difficult to extract the thermal contributions from those from charm decays in the invariant mass spectra alone and in the current detector acceptances. Other observables such as transverse momenta and collective flows may provide additional tools to tag these sources.

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This article mainly aimed at the Karst slope characteristics, designed a kind of network based on ZigBee irrigation control system. The lower position machine node in this system powered by solar energy, in accordance with the regulation of crop water requirements for irrigation, and synchronously measureed pipe flow of all levels. According to the isosceles triangle(type B)to decorate irrigation points and the diagonal 5 forms to fix the sensor mentioned in this article for crop irrigation experiment, and the pipes flow are measured.

It has been observed that measurements of low-mass Drell-Yan (DY) transverse momentum spectra at low center-of-mass energies √ s are not well described by perturbative QCD calculations in collinear factorization in the region where transverse momenta are comparable with the DY mass. This issue can be examined with the Parton Branching (PB) method combining next-to-leadingorder (NLO) calculations of the hard process with the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution. The predictions are compared with measurements of low mass DY production, and they are in very good agreement. Predictions have also been compared with the measurement of DY production at high energies at the LHC. We find that at low-mass DY and low √ s even in the region of p T /m DY ∼ 1 the contribution of multiple soft gluon emissions (included in the PB-TMDs) is essential to describe the measurements, while at larger masses (m DY ∼ m Z ) and LHC energies the contribution from soft gluons in the region of p T /m DY ∼ 1 is small.