This study was conducted to explore the opinion and practice toward disposal of unused medication among patients in Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Institute of Medical Sciences. An in-depth interview conducted during the period from October 2012 until December 2012. A total of 56 patients participated in this study. Once the participants identified, an appointment was fixed to conduct the interview with them. Due to the small sample size the data were analyzed manually. The most common diseases reported among the participants were hypertension 39.3 % and diabetes mellitus type II 21.4 %. There were three main frequent disposal methods practiced by the respondents, the majority of them threw unused medication into the trash 57.1 %, followed by burning the unused medication 14.2 %. The majority of the participants 60.7 % mentioned that the best way to educate the public about disposal unused medication is through advertisements, treating consultants, patient awareness workshops, pharmacists on medical stores and public campaign. The most method to dispose unused medication among patients is a throw of unused medication into the trash.
Background: Ramadan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar. Ramadan is 28-30 days fast in which food, liquids and smoking during the day light hours is prohibited. This custom provides a unique opportunity to study the biochemical changes over this time. Objective: To explore any favourable and unfavourable consequences of Ramadan fasting. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on twenty healthy male students of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, in the month of Ramadan (July-Aug, 2012). Body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure was monitored three times: one week before the beginning of Ramadan, mid of Ramadan (15 th day) and at the end (29 th day). Blood samples were also taken at the same times and evaluated for serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity, calcium and phosphorus. Results: Body weight and waist circumference was found to be significantly (p<0.0001) decreased. Mean blood pressure was decreased significantly (p<0.0001) in the initial half of Ramadan but it approached pre Ramadan values at the end of the month. CPK activity was reduced significantly (p<0.0001) at the mid and end of Ramadan as compared to pre Ramadan values. Serum calcium levels came out to be decreased significantly (p<0.0001) at the mid but at the end it resumed normal values. There was no significant effect on phosphorus level throughout the month. Conclusion: Ramadan fasting has beneficial influences on the anthropometric parameters especially it is a blessing for overweight or obese persons. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of previous reports.
The present study was intended to evaluate the efficacy of doramectin against seven naturally Trixacarus caviae infested male guinea pigs. Multiple skin scrapings of all the seven guinea pigs were found microscopically positive for T. caviae mites. Clinically these animals revealed, more or less denuded, very red often thickened, and crustated cutaneous lesions restricted at the sacral region and back. Doramectin 1 % (w/v) was administered intramuscularly at a dose rate of 400 lg/kg once weekly, which resulted in profound improvements in clinical conditions within 14 days after the first doramectin application. It took almost 28 days for the cutaneous lesions to disappear and to witness partial hair coat regrowth. Two moderately infested guinea pigs required only single injection of doramectin to achieve complete parasitological cure, while remaining five (one moderately infested and four severely infested) guinea pigs required two injections of doramectin to achieve complete parasitological cure. No adverse effects were revealed by any of the doramectin treated guinea pigs during the study period. Thus, it can be concluded from the present study that guinea pigs naturally infested by T. caviae mites can be cured safely using two doses of doramectin once in a week.
Background: Dyslipidaemia is an important risk factor for development of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ocimum sanctum (OS) and metformin have shown to have antihyperlipidaemic effects. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of OS and Metformin on body weight & plasma lipid levels of high fat diet fed diabetic ratsMethods: Total of 30 male wistar rats (100-150gm) were obtained. Animals were fed with a high fat diet throughout the study (6 weeks). Diabetes was induced by using single intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin 50mg/kg at the end of 4 weeks. Diabetic rats were divided into groups of 6 each and treated as follows: Group 1- Diabetic control, was given vehicle orally. Group 2- O.S. ethanolic extract 100mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Group 3- O.S. ethanolic extract 200mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Group 4- Metformin 100mg/day for 14 daysResults: At the end of 4 weeks, body weight of rats were significantly increased (p <0.05). Maximum weight gain was seen in control group whereas weight gain was least in O.S. 200mg/kg group (p >0.05). Decrease in body weight was seen in metformin group. Abdominal circumference of rats also showed similar pattern (p >0.05). OS 200 caused significant reduction in serum LDL levels (p <0.05) and significant rise of serum HDL levels (p <0.05) as compared to control group. Metformin also favourably affected the lipid profile and its effects were not significantly different from effects of OS 200 (p> 0.05).Conclusions: Present study revealed that Ocimum Sanctum caused significant reduction in serum lipid levels in high fat diet fed diabetic rats. Metformin also exhibited antihyperlipidaemic activity. So, it is concluded that OS or metformin alone or in combination could be a novel adjunct to diet and life style modification for the management of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes. Further studies are required to confirm the antidyslipidaemic activities of individual phytoconstituents of Ocimum sanctum.
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