Our study indicates that the accumulation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal plays an important role in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Alda-1 pretreatment can attenuate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, possibly through the activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2, which in turn removes 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. Alda-1 pretreatment has clinical implications to protect lungs during cardiopulmonary bypass.
CBLB502, a Toll-like receptor (TLR)5 agonist derived from Salmonella flagellin, was shown to protect mammalian hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems from acute irradiation syndrome and to stimulate regeneration. To explore whether CBLB502 can improve testicular injuries caused by irradiation, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mg/kg CBLB502 or vehicle control 30 min prior to applying 5.0 Gy ionizing radiation (IR). We observed these mice for the following 120 days and determined that CBLB502 pretreatment alleviated IR-induced oxidative stress, alleviated the distorted architecture of seminiferous tubules, reversed the decline of sperm quantity and quality, and helped recover male mouse fertility. Additionally, CBLB502 efficiently reduced DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations in IR-treated mice and their offspring. Due to the suppression of p53-dependent apoptosis, in IR-treated mice, CBLB502 was shown to significantly activate the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway and reduce the apoptotic rate in association with an increase in anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma (BCL)2 levels and a decrease in the levels of DNA repair protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Moreover, an IR-induced reduction in serum testosterone and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were considerably reversed in CBLB502-pretreated mice. No significant reverse effects were found in Tlr5 knockout mice, suggesting that protection of the testis against IR by CBLB502 is primarily dependent on the TLR5 signaling pathway. Our results may help further investigations into potential CBLB502 applications for the protection of the male reproductive system during radiotherapy.
Due to the production of abundant capsular polysaccharides and or exopolysaccharides, some bacteria form mucoid and opaque colonies on solid agar medium. Polysaccharides interfere with the isolation and characterization of DNA. Extraction of polysaccharide-free DNA from the mucoid bacteria is required for genetic and biochemical studies. In this study, mucoid Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Klebsiella pneumonia were used as model organisms for comparing the effectiveness of two DNA extraction methods. The two methods were proved reproducible and cost-effective for extracting highpurity genome DNA from mucoid bacteria for further applications.
This novel combined-catheter was safe and reliable at monitoring left and right atrial pressures, and infusion involved only one catheter without the disadvantages of the traditional method. This new novel method may be particularly useful in pediatric open-heart surgery.
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