We realize all-optical sensitive phase shifting based on nonlinear out-of-plane coupling to a slab waveguide through Fano resonance of a slab 1-D photonic crystal (PhC). We use a graphene layer as the nonlinear material and change its refractive index by the input light intensity through Kerr nonlinear effect to obtain a shift in the Fano resonance frequency. The Fano resonance and self-focusing effect lead to light-intensity enhancement on the graphene in the PhC, reinforcing the nonlinear effect of refractive index in the graphene. Through finite-difference time-domain simulation, we demonstrate that the phase changing sensitivity obtained can be 4 orders higher than that by a single graphene under the same input light intensity. Moreover the threshold pump intensity for all-optical sensitive phase shifting in the coupled light to the waveguide is as low as ~4 MW per square centimeter. The results are applicable in micro optical integrated circuits for phase shifters, phase modulators, power limiters, and phase logic elements for optical computation, digital phase shift keying in communication systems, and non-contact sensitive signal detectors.
All-optical tunable filters are basic elements for various micro-optical circuits. Obtaining all-optical tunability remains a challenge for micro-optical circuits. Optical forces with significant effects in nanophotonic systems provide new ways for wavelength tuning. In this Letter, the optomechanical effects in two-dimensional photonic crystal cavities are investigated. Simulations based on the finite element method demonstrate that forces arise in single and coupled cavities with movable rods inside. The optical force controls the positions of the movable rods and, thus, the resonance wavelength of the cavity, based on which tunable filter is designed. The operating wavelength of the cavity or the filter for the signal can be tuned by a control light with a different frequency. The results have potential applications for various integrated circuits.
A type of planar magnetic metamaterial is proposed with a square winding microstructure as a superlens for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. A direct magnetic field mapping measurement demonstrates that the radio-frequency magnetic field passing through the superlens is increased by as high as 46.9% at the position of about 3 cm behind the superlens. The resonance frequency of the fabricated slabs is found to be in good agreement with the target frequency (63.6 MHz) for a 1.5 T MRI system. MRI experiments with the magnetic superlens show that the intensity of the image and the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) are both enhanced, implying promising MRI applications of our planar magnetic superlens.
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