Objectives: To assess measurement properties of the HIV Disability Questionnaire (HDQ) among adults with HIV in the United States. Methods: We administered the HDQ, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS 2.0), and a demographic questionnaire. For internal consistency reliability, we calculated Cronbach α and Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) statistics for disability and episodic scores, respectively (≥0.80 acceptable). For test–retest reliability, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (>0.8 acceptable). For construct validity, we tested 15 a priori hypotheses assessing correlations between HDQ and WHODAS 2.0 scores. Results: Of the 128 participants, the majority were males (68%), median age 51 years, taking antiretroviral therapy (96%). Cronbach α ranged from 0.88 (social inclusion) to 0.93 (uncertainty). The KR-20 ranged from 0.86 (cognitive) to 0.96 (uncertainty). Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.88 (physical, cognitive, social inclusion) to 0.92 (mental–emotional). Of the 15 hypotheses, 13 (87%) were confirmed. Conclusions: The HDQ demonstrates internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, and construct validity when administered to a sample of adults with HIV in the United States.

Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is decreasing worldwide; however, achieving the MTCT elimination target of 2% by 2020 and 0% by 2030 is challenging in resource-limited countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the evolution of the HIV transmission rate in infants from 2007 to 2018 and to identify the risk factors of HIV transmission among HIV-exposed infants in Vietnam. Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study of 608 HIV-exposed infants was conducted at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic (pOPC) of the Women and Children Hospital of An Giang, Vietnam between September 2007 and December 2019. A follow-up registration book was used to collect data, which were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify associations. Results: A total of 608 HIV-exposed infant were enrolled in the study, of which 472 were included in the final analysis. The median age of infants at enrollment to follow-up was 6.3 weeks (interquartile range [IQR]=6.0-6.9 weeks). A total of 42 infants out of 472 were infected with HIV, giving an overall MTCT rate of 8.9% (95% confidence interval (CI)=6.4-12.0). The transmission rate decreased from 27.9% in 2007 to 0% in 2018. Absence of maternal ARV (antiretrovirals) intervention before or during pregnancy (AOR=40.6, 95% CI=5.5-308) and absence of ARV prophylaxis for HIV-exposed infants (AOR=3.4, 95% CI=1.1-10.3) were significantly and independently associated with MTCT of HIV in this study. Conclusion: There is a significant progress on the reduction of MTCT rate in An Giang, Vietnam. Absence of ART interventions for mothers and infants are significant factors associated with HIV transmission. Providing free ARV and increasing the coverage of ARV intervention for pregnant women are keys for reducing the MTCT rate in the future.

Intralymphatic histiocytosis (ILH) is a peculiar pathological process characterized by the collections of benign histiocytes in dilated lymph vessels. Although the majority of ILH patients present clinically with various forms of cutaneous manifestation, rare extracutaneous incidences have been reported in the literature. To date, ILH has not been described in an internal visceral organ. We report the case of a 68-year-old woman who underwent an appendectomy during a surgical procedure for a primary peritoneal high-grade, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of Müllerian origin. Although no malignancy was identified in the appendix, the appendiceal mucosa and submucosa were expanded by dilated vascular channels harboring aggregates of uniform epithelioid cells. Similar histological changes were also identified in the right fallopian tube. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the lymphatic nature of the vessels and the histiocytic origin of the intravascular cells. Of note was the presence of scattered multinucleated giant cells in the histiocytic population, a histological feature not described hitherto in ILH. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of ILH harboring multinucleated giant cells, involving internal visceral organs, and associated with a malignant tumor of the gynecological system. As such, the current case report expands the clinical and histological spectrum of ILH.