Dendrobium thinhii (D. sect. Breviflores), Sarcoglyphis tichii, Taeniophyllum phitamii (T. subgen. Codonosepalum Schltr.) and Trichoglottis canhii are described and illustrated as species new to science. All are local endemics of the area associated with Truong Son Range (Annamese Cordilleras) within territories of Dac Lak, Kon Tum and Lam Dong provinces of the southern Vietnam known in national geography as the Central Highlands or Tay Nguyen Plateau. All discovered plants are well-defined, taxonomically isolated species representing very strict plant endemism quite typical for the southern part of eastern Indochina.

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A new species of the genus Camellia L. (Theaceae) from Southern Vietnam is described and illustrated under the name Camellia proensis. Morphological differences between C. proensis and closely related species in the genus Camellia L. (sect. Piquetia) were identified. C. proensis is easily distinguishable from C. honbaensis, C. piquetiana and C. longii by the yellow flowers; from C. dalatensis by the glabrous twigs and leaves; from C. dongnaiensis by light yellow flowers; from C. sonthaiensis by mature fruit flat-globose, 4.0–5.5 cm tall and 8.5–10.0 cm wide. Ecological environment and distribution were also provided for this new species. The images and type specimens of this species were processed and stored in Vietnam (holotype, isotypes, DLU).

Abstract. Many studies have been conducted to classify the genus Camellia, yet they have not been entirely consistent. Therefore, doing research on some of the taxonomic systems of the genus Camellia will serve as the basis for the classification and arrangement of recently discovered species into a consistent system. A series of studies based on morphology as well as molecular biology techniques, the classification of pollen spores, and the analysis of leaf anatomy were examined. The systems based on morphological characteristics were inherited and widely recognized, thereby becoming an appropriate method to classify the genus Camellia with representatives in Vietnam.