A comprehensive and systematic summary of the current developments of BC in electrochemical energy storage and conversion.

Aiming to improve the thermal stability and ame retardant properties of calcium alginate, calcium alginate (CaAlg)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) hybrid material was synthesized in situ by the sol-gel method at room temperature. It was found that the HAP particles were generated from nanospheres to urchin-like microspheres, nally to wrinkled sponge microspheres with the two-dimensional nanostructured surface. The results show that the thermal stability and ame retardancy of the hybrid material were signi cantly improved, and its mechanism was proposed as HAP promoted the decarboxylation of alginate resulting in carbonization of CaAlg/HAP, and it was the function of soild phase before 350 ℃, while the synergistic effects of gas phase and solid phase after 350 ℃ that led to the high ame retardancy of CaAlg/HAP.