Objective In recent years, the Emergency Care Research Institute has advised that endoscope cleaning is of considerable importance. In the present study, a quality control circle (QCC) was used to reduce the formation of biofilms in flexible endoscopes within one hospital in Guangdong Province, China. Methods During reprocessing of 235 flexible endoscopes in the urology surgical suite, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection was used to monitor the efficacy of biofilm removal. The internal and external parts of flexible endoscopes were used as sampling sites by means of the flushing and smudge methods, respectively. When the two results reached the standard of less than 500 relative light units/piece at the same time, endoscopic biofilm clearance was considered to be qualified. A QCC was established to implement a 10-step plan-do-check-act model. Results The baseline qualified rate (i.e., ATP monitoring pass rate) during reprocessing of 235 flexible endoscopes was 50%. During the study, the qualified rate increased to 85.29% after establishment of the QCC. During reprocessing of 150 flexible endoscopes in the following 6 months, the qualified rate remained at 90%. Conclusion Establishment of the QCC improved the removal of biofilm from flexible endoscopes in the urology surgical suite.
Conventional
glycosylation with galactosyl donors having
C-2 benzyl
(Bn) ether-type functionality often leads to anomeric mixtures, due
to the anomeric and steric effects that stabilize the 1,2-cis-α- and 1,2-trans-β-glycosides,
respectively. Herein we report a versatile ZnI2-directed
β-galactosylation approach employing a 4,6-O-tethered and 2-O-Bn galactosyl donor for the stereoselective
and efficient synthesis of β-O-galactosides.
With a broad substrate scope, the reaction tolerates a wide range
of functional groups and complex molecular architectures, providing
stereocontrolled β-galactosides in moderate to excellent yields.
The practicality of this transformation is demonstrated through the
synthesis of a tetrasaccharide arabinogalactan fragment with high
stereoselectivity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.