Abstract. For more efficient field operation and management of precision irrigation, Management Zone Analyst (MZA) software was used to delineate irrigation management zones. MZA is a simple and fast software for subfield management zone delineation on the basis of fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. The measured soil physical properties of Chahayang Farm in Heilongjiang Province were taking as data source in the paper. Principal component analysis was firstly used to eliminate the multiple correlations of the data and MZA was then performed to delineate irrigation management zones of the study area. The results indicated that the study area was divided into two irrigation management zones by MZA, and soil physical properties had high uniformity in each subzone and significant difference between subzones which confirmed the partition. The delineation of irrigation management zones based on MZA had high precision and could make up the deficiencies of higher theoretical level and hard mastery of other clustering algorithms. The delineation results based on MZA can provide the basis for decision making of precision irrigation practices.
Agricultural water use plays an important role in maintaining food security. The present paper utilizes an agent-based model of the complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory for the dynamic simulation of four water resource utilization plans and was able to forecast the per capita food share, per capita income and water security rate under three climatic conditions in Heilongjiang Province, China, in 2020. The forecasts were performed under the broad principle of coordinated regional development and based on Heilongjiang's food production, water resources and population data 2003-2010. The measured data for Heilongjiang Province in 2011 were used to perform joint risk analyses of the forecast results. The results showed that the comprehensive plan combining technological innovation and policy control provides the best method of achieving food security under the three climatic conditions. However, compared to maintaining the status quo, this combination plan decreases by approximately 8 % under the three climatic conditions, but the per capita share of food and the rate of water security increase to over 10 and 20 %, respectively. Therefore, to further reduce the pressure on water resources in Heilongjiang Province and to lessen the impact of climate on food production, advanced technology and policy regulations should be increasingly integrated into various industries to ensure the sustainable supply of regional water resources for food production.
Since spatial heterogeneity of soil physical properties has a significant influence on site-specific irrigation management, field moisture capacity, saturated moisture content, wilting point and soil dry bulk density were used as the data source to derive irrigation management zones. The spatial heterogeneity and correlations of soil properties were firstly characterized using geostatistics and principal component analysis. Then, irrigation management zones were delineated by running management zone analysis software based on the fuzziness performance index and normalized classification entropy, which were used to determine the least number of subzones. Finally, the zoning of irrigation management was verified by performing a statistical analysis as a statistical control of the above classifications. The study site was divided into two subzones having distinct differences between them, indicating that the delineation of irrigation management zones was reasonable. In additional, a stratified sampling method was also adopted to calculate the optimal sampling size of the soil properties in each subzone. Saturated moisture content has the optimal sampling size of 12 and soil water capacity and wilting point have the least, with only 3. The delineation of irrigation management zones and optimal sampling size could provide data support and sciencebased information for site-specific irrigation management. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RÉ SUMÉ É tant donné que l'hétérogénéité spatiale des propriétés physiques du sol a une influence importante sur la gestion fine dans l'espace de l'irrigation, la capacité au champ, la teneur en eau à saturation, le point de flétrissement et la densité sèche du sol ont été utilisés comme source de données pour établir des zones homogènes et adapter dans l'espace la gestion de l'irrigation à ces zones. L'hétérogénéité spatiale et des corrélations des propriétés du sol ont été tout d'abord caractérisées en utilisant la géostatistique et l'analyse en composantes principales. Ensuite, les zones homogènes de gestion de l'irrigation ont été délimitées en exécutant le logiciel de gestion des zones, qui utilise l'Indice de Performance du Flou. L'Entropie de Classification Normalisée a été utilisée pour déterminer le plus petit nombre de sous-zones. Enfin, la définition de zones homogènes a été vérifiée en effectuant un contrôle statistique des classifications ci-dessus. Le site d'étude a finalement été divisé en deux zones distinctes, ce qui indique que la méthode conduit à un zonage en pratique réaliste. En plus, la méthode d'échantillonnage stratifié a également été adoptée pour calculer la taille optimale d'échantillonnage des propriétés du sol dans chaque sous-zone. La teneur en eau à saturation a la taille la plus optimale d'échantillonnage (12 points), cette valeur est la moins optimale pour la capacité au champ et le point de flétrissement avec seulement 3 points. La délimitation des zones homogènes pour la gestion spatialisée de l'irrigation et la taille optimale d'échan...
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