Although cyclophilin A (CypA) has been reported to be over-expressed in cancer cells and solid tumors, its expression and role in glioblastomas have not been studied. Herein, we show that expression of CypA in human glioblastoma cell lines and tissues is significantly higher than in normal human astrocytes and normal counterparts of brain tissue. To determine the role of over-expressed CypA in glioblastoma, stable RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of CypA (CypA KD) was performed in gliobastoma cell line U87vIII (U87MG · ΔEGFR). CypA KD stable single clones decrease proliferation, infiltration, migration, and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and with slower growth in vivo as xenografts in immunodeficient nude mice. We have also observed that knockdown of CypA inhibits expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a tumorigenic and proangiogenic cytokine. Conversely, enforced expression of CypA in the CypA KD cell line, Ud-12, markedly enhanced IL-8 transcripts and restored Ud-12 proliferation, suggesting that CypA-mediated IL-8 production provides a growth advantage to glioblastoma cells. CypA knockdown-mediated inhibition of IL-8 is due to reduced activity of NF-κB, which is one of the major transcription factors regulating IL-8 expression. These results not only establish the relevance of CypA to glioblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo, but also suggest that small interfering RNA-based CypA knockdown could be an effective therapeutic approach against glioblastomas.
Objective: Weight gained during pregnancy and postpartum weight retention might contribute to obesity in women of childbearing age. Whether breast-feeding (BF) may decrease postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is still controversial. The purpose of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between BF and PPWR. Design: Three databases were systematically reviewed and the reference lists of relevant articles were checked. Meta-analysis was performed to quantify the pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) of BF on PPWR by using a randomeffect model. Heterogeneity was tested using the χ 2 test and I 2 statistics. Publication bias was estimated from Egger's test (linear regression method) or Begg's test (rank correlation method). Results: Among 349 search hits, eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Seven studies were conducted in the USA, one in Brazil, one in France, one in Georgia and one in Croatia. Compared with formula-feeding, BF for 3 to ≤6 months seemed to have a negative influence on PPWR and if BF continued for >6 months had little or no influence on PPWR. In a subgroup meta-analysis, the results did not change substantially after the analysis had been classified by available confounding factors. There was no indication of a publication bias from the result of either Egger's test or Begg's test. Conclusions: Although the available evidence held belief that BF decreases PPWR, more robust studies are needed to reliably assess the impact of patterns and duration of BF on PPWR.
Excessive GWG would increase the risk of substantial weight retention 1-year postpartum. The interventions to prevent postpartum obesity should consider the strategies how to attain optimal maternal GWG.
The objective of this study is to establish self-sequential longitudinal reference intervals of thyroid function in normal pregnant women. According to the selection criteria, 301 cases were taken as the normal pregnant population to establish a normal reference range. Meanwhile, 150 healthy women were selected as the normal non-pregnant control group. To establish their own self-sequential longitudinal reference intervals, we collected samples five times in every case throughout the gestation (including first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, prenatal and postpartum), and detected the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), and then established the self-sequential longitudinal reference intervals. The levels of TSH, FT4 and TPO-Ab were quantified by electrochemistry immunoassay (ECL) and statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software. Serum TSH of normal pregnant women was at a low level in the first trimester (P < 0.05) and began to rise continuously. Not until prenatal phase was it restored to the non-pregnant state (P > 0.05). During pregnancy, serum FT4 of normal pregnant women were consistently lower than non-pregnant levels (P < 0.05) and kept at low levels. Serum TPO-Ab increased significantly in the third trimester and prenatal phase (P < 0.05). Of normal pregnant women, 6.5% were TPO-Ab positive. In conclusion, the reference intervals in our case will reflect the changes of thyroid function in pregnant women more realistically, resulting in a more accurate value for clinical diagnosis and therapy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.