Excessive localization of elastin from septal tips to alveolar walls is a key feature of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The abnormal accumulation of lung elastin, involving the structural and functional interaction of a series of proteins, remains poorly understood. To further investigate the mechanisms accounting for the abnormal accumulation of elastin in the lungs of newborn mice with BPD, we evaluate elastin distribution and its interaction with proteins involved in its aberrant localization, such as integrin αv, fibulin-5 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), in lungs of newborn mice exposed to 60% O2 for 21 days. Lung histology revealed aberrant elastin production and impaired lung septation in O2-exposed lungs, while tropoelastin, integrin αv, fibulin-1, fibulin-2 and fibulin-4 gene expression were elevated. Dual staining image analysis of lung sections revealed that co-localization of integrin αv and elastin increased following O2 exposure with elastin distributed throughout the walls of air spaces rather than at septal tips. Furthermore, integrin αv appeared to be induced initially. Concurrently, increased fibulin-5 and TGF-β1 (which may regulate elastic fiber assembly) expression was detected, which may explain the altered lung elastin deposition and defective septation that are observed during BPD. These data support the hypothesis that excessive and aberrant αv integrin expression was initially induced by hyperoxia; αv integrin then interacted with and recruited elastin. These alterations were accompanied by fibulin-5 deposition and TGF-β1 activation, which may impede normal matrix remodeling, thereby contributing to the pathological pulmonary features of BPD.

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Wearable thermoelectric generators are solid‐state devices that produce electric energy by harvesting thermal energy from human body or environments. They normally work at relatively mild temperatures that are suitable for human, being light, compact, deformable to the 3D surface, safe to human and environment, comfortable, durable, and cost‐effective. As the potential power suppliers for wearable or mobile microelectronic systems, they have attracted considerable attention. Herein, a critical overview and review of the state‐of‐the‐art wearable thermoelectric generators are presented, covering their operational principles, functional and structural materials, device structures, fabrication processes, and potential applications. Also theoretical aspects of their working mechanisms are included and the scientific and practical challenges are discussed.

The quality of a diamond is not only affected by the 4Cs but also affected by fire and scintillation. The relationship between the color, clarity, fluorescence, and scintillation of a diamond is obtained by associating its scintillation area and gemological characteristics. Take images of 18 round bright cut diamonds in total, for each to rotate 30° to take one and get 12 images by rotating a circle. Rotate the images to the same angle, cut out the square image of 1000*1000 pixels, then calculate the color difference of the image of adjacent angles, and then judge whether scintillation occurs at each point to get the scintillation area of the diamond. The results showed that the lighter the color, the better the clarity and the weaker the fluorescence, then the larger the scintillation area and the more obvious the scintillation. This indicates that the scintillation area has a certain reference value for diamond quality evaluation.

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