Studying on the behaviors and mechanisms involving liquid spilling fire is imperative issue in the accident investigations, safety management, risk assessment, and fire analysis of petroleum products. The experimental investigations of spilling fire spread over steady flow n‐butanol fuel under different discharge flow rates and spreading directions (opposed and concurrent spreading) were conducted based upon a self‐developed laboratory‐scale apparatus. Several parameters were revealed to characterize the steady flow fire namely flame brightness, flame height, and relative velocity of spilling fire to flow speed (Vf − u). The fluid dynamic analysis of continuously spilling fuel was performed to find out the relationship of the flow speed and the discharge flow rate. The spilling fires at different flow speeds were separated into four regimes: (I) retardation regime and (II) nonspreading regime in opposed flow, and (III) acceleration regime and (IV) detachment regime in concurrent flow. The parametric variation and the inherent mechanism were discussed to reveal the effects of the discharge flow rate and spreading direction on the liquid spilling fire. The findings of the present research are beneficial for the development of the fuel spilling fire protection measures.
DNA binding with one finger (DOF) transcription factors play important roles in storage material accumulation and morphogenesis of developing seeds. Oil and protein contents varied in different cultivars in important oil crop peanut. DOF proteins have not been studied in this crop. In this paper, we analyzed all the DOF genes expressed in developing seeds from a cDNA library with 20,000 transcripts, cloned and compared similar genes of GW391729 from eight peanut cultivars, and analyzed similar genes expressed in root and leave with control and inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum. The results indicate that total eight types of DOF genes were expressed in developing seeds of cultivar 063103. Most of DOF transcription factors expressed involved in develop-mental process in a complicated way. Among them, GW391729 is possible related to the seed number in fruit, and also is possible related to leafspot resistance. Detailed function of these DOF proteins need to be further studied.
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