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Methane (CH 4 ), a main component of natural gas, has been widely used as the feedstock for preparing value-added chemicals in industry, for example its C1 oxygenates CH 3 OH and HCOOH can be widely used as transportable/storable liquid fuels. [1][2][3] Moreover, methane, with the global warming potency of more than 20 times higher than that of CO 2 was regarded as one of the main greenhouse gases. However, due to the intrinsic inertness of CH bonds, negligible electron affinity, and low polarizability, [4,5] the CH 4 conversion to oxygenates traditionally requires multiple steps and harsh reaction conditions. [6,7] In this field, direct CH 4 conversion to CH 3 OH is widely recognized as the "Holy Grail" of catalysis. [8][9][10][11] However, it is hard to preserve the derivatives from deep mineralization during the CH bond cleavage. [12] It is highly desirable to achieve high-efficiency CH 4 conversion into liquid products with renewable energy sources and against overoxidation.Direct CH 4 conversion to liquid oxygenates represents a great challenge owing to the requirement of extremely high activation energy and against overoxidation under harsh reaction conditions. In industry, the conversion of CH 4 -to-liquid oxygenates are performed indirectly through the production of syngas (H 2 and CO) by strongly endothermic steam reforming under high temperature. [13][14][15] In liquid phase, the reaction conditions typically become milder, however strongly acidic media is usually required to promote the oxidation reaction. [16] Very recently, H 2 O 2 and O 2 were explored as more benign oxidants to promote CH 4 oxidation in several catalytic systems. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In this field, Hutchings and co-workers reported the colloidal AuPd nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for direct CH 4 oxidation with O 2 and H 2 O 2 into CH 3 OH, CH 3 OOH, and HCOOH. [19] Xiao et al. fixed AuPd alloy nanoparticles into zeolite to promote the formation of H 2 O 2 from H 2 and O 2 for CH 4 oxidation to CH 3 OH. [20] Flytzani-Stephanopoulos and co-workers used the supported Rh catalyst to catalyze direct oxidation of CH 4 to CH 3 OH and CH 3 COOH in the presence of O 2 and CO. [21] Huang et al. reported the high-efficiency conversion of CH 4 to CH 3 OH and CH 3 OOH on a CeO 2 supported Rh single atom catalyst at 50 °C by addition of 20 mL 1 m H 2 O 2 . [22] Tang et al. achieved the direct CH 4 oxidation by anchoring FeO cluster on Solar-driven high-efficiency and direct conversion of methane into highvalue-added liquid oxygenates against overoxidation remains a great challenge. Herein, facile and mass fabrication of low-cost tungsten singleatom photocatalysts is achieved by directly calcining urea and sodium tungstate under atmosphere (W-SA-PCN-m, urea amount m = 7.5, 15, 30, and 150 g). The single-atom photocatalysts can manage H 2 O 2 in situ generation and decomposition into •OH, thus achieving highly efficient CH 4 photooxidation in water vapor under mild conditions. Systematic investigations demonstrate tha...

Previous studies describing renal denervation (RDN) from the intima of the renal artery for the treatment of resistant hypertension have reported variable efficacies, and RDN triggers renal intimal injury and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RDN from the adventitia of renal artery plus unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy to treat patients with resistant hypertension caused by unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). A total of 60 consecutive patients with resistant hypertension caused by unilateral APA were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo RDN from the adventitia of the renal artery plus adrenalectomy (RDN group, n = 30) or adrenalectomy alone (control group, n = 30) and were followed up for 12 months. The primary efficacy end point was the change in 24-hours mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP) from baseline to 12 months. At the 12-month follow-up, the mean reduction of 24-hours average SBP and office SBP in the RDN group was 20.7 ± 15.2 and 37.1 ± 26.0 mm Hg, respectively, which was significantly higher than the mean reduction of 24-hours average SBP (11.9 ± 11.1 mm Hg, P = .017) and the office SBP (25.9 ± 16.8 mm Hg, P = .035) in the control group. Serum potassium levels returned to normal 12 months post-procedure. Patients in the RDN group had higher proportion of cured clinical and biochemical outcomes than those in the control group (35.7% vs 17.9% in clinical outcome; 96.4% vs 89.3% in biochemical outcome, respectively). There were no procedural-, device-, or treatment-related safety events during the 12-month followup period between the groups. In conclusion, RDN from the adventitia of the renal artery plus unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is more effective than adrenalectomy alone for treating resistant hypertension caused by unilateral APA.

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Background: This study aims to evaluate the effects and safety of laparoscopic-based perivascular renal sympathetic nerve denervation (RDN) in a porcine model fed a high-fat diet. Method: Thirty-six high-fat diet-fed Bama minipigs were randomly divided into an RDN group (n = 18), in which minipigs received laparoscopic-based perivascular RDN, and a sham group (n = 18). All pigs were fed the high-fat diet after the operation to establish a model of obesity-induced hypertension. Bama pigs in the RDN and sham groups were killed at 3 time points [2 days after RDN (n = 6), day 90 (n = 6) and day 180 (n = 6)]. Result: The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and noradrenaline (NE) concentration in the kidney tissue were significantly lower in the RDN group than in the sham group at 2 days (113.83 ± 3.26 mmHg vs 129.67 ± 3.32 mmHg, P = 0.011, and 112.02 ± 17.34 ng/g vs 268.48 ± 20.61 ng/g, P < 0.001, respectively), 90 days (116.83 ± 3.88 mmHg vs 145.00 ± 4.22 mmHg, P = 0.001, respectively) and 180 days (129.33 ± 2.87 mmHg vs 168.57 ± 2.86 mmHg, P < 0.001, and 152.15 ± 16.61 ng/g vs 318.97 ± 24.84 ng/g, P < 0.001, respectively) after the operation. The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly lower in the RDN group than in sham group at 90 and 180 days after the operation (72.17 ± 2.7 mmHg vs 81.50 ± 2.22 mmHg, P = 0.037, and 76.83 ± 2.75 mmHg vs 86.33 ± 2.22 mmHg P = 0.021, respectively). Based on the pathological evaluation, the renal sympathetic nerve fascicles were successfully disrupted by radiofrequency energy after laparoscopic-based perivascular RDN, but the intima was intact. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was decreased, while the expression of the S100 protein was increased in treated renal arteries after RDN. Conclusions: Laparoscopic-based perivascular RDN prevented the occurrence and development of hypertension, and thus it may be an efficient and safe method for controlling blood pressure in an experimental model.

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