The Qaidam Basin is one of the most resource‐rich onshore petroliferous basins in Northwest China. The Middle Jurassic Dameigou Formation crops out along the northern margin of the basin and consists of a sequence of lacustrine sedimentary units, including sets of thick, black shale unit. The shale gas exploration well CY1 had shown significant logging anomalies that have been interpreted to indicate the presence of shale gas. This gas signature well provides valuable shale rock and shale gas parameters that enabled the identification of three areas for future shale gas exploration in this region, namely, to the south‐east of Lenghu, in the area around Yuqia, and to the south‐east of Huaitoutala. This study presents new data for organic‐rich shale samples of the Dameigou Formation that were collected from boreholes and outcrops that enable the determination of some of the conditions of shale gas accumulation. The black shale unit within seventh interval of the Dameigou Formation is about 20 to 80 m thick. Its total organic carbon content is high (average of 2.62%), kerogen types are II1 and II2, and thermal maturity is mid to high (average Ro of 0.89%). It contains low abundances of brittle minerals and high abundances of clay minerals, micrometre to nanometre pore sizes, and high gas contents (average of 1.11 m3/t). These shale properties favour both shale gas generation and accumulation within the northern Qaidam Basin and are comparable to the properties of shales within shale gas fields in North America and elsewhere in China.
Neuronal soma segmentation is essential for morphology quantification analysis. Rapid advances in light microscope imaging techniques have generated such massive amounts of data that time-consuming manual methods cannot meet requirements for high throughput. However, touching soma segmentation is still a challenge for automatic segmentation methods. In this paper, we propose a soma segmentation method that combines the Rayburst sampling algorithm and ellipsoid fitting. The improved Rayburst sampling algorithm is used to detect the soma surface; the ellipsoid fitting method then refines jagged sampled soma surface to generate smooth ellipsoidal shapes for efficient analysis. In experiments, we validated the proposed method by applying it to datasets from the fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) system. The results indicate that the proposed method is comparable to the manual segmented gold standard with accurate soma segmentation at a relatively high speed. The proposed method can be extended to large-scale image stacks in the future.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12021-017-9336-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
LiTaO3 has piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric optical properties with a broad transparent range from ultraviolet to infrared. In order to ensure good performance of the LiTaO3 substrate, the surface of the LiTaO3 substrate must be smooth. Chemical mechanical polishing has been used for planarization of integrated circuits or to obtain substrates of high surface quality. In this paper, neotame was studied as an additive for LiTaO3 slurry, which plays an important role in the polishing process. In addition, we show that different pH and different concentrations of neotame have a strong influence on the polishing rate, the surface roughness of the LiTaO3 substrate after polishing is different, and the surface roughness of the LiTaO3 substrate can be reduced to 0.112 nm. More importantly, neotame could improve the work-life of the polishing slurry and reduce the coefficient of friction, thereby reducing the fragmentation rate. Finally, the possible chemical reaction mechanism of neotame to accelerate polishing efficiency was given.
As two typical representatives of super-hard materials, the processing of sapphire and silicon carbide has always been a hot spot. Chemical mechanical polishing technology is the only way to achieve global planarization, and it has also become one of the most important processes for precision machining of these materials. We have studied the relationship between the removal rate and surface roughness of sapphire and 4H-SiC (0001) and the size distribution and pH of the alumina slurry. More importantly, we explored the negative effect of Na+ on the removal rate of an alumina-based sapphire polishing slurry, and the more negative effect of Na+ on the removal rate of an alumina-based silicon carbide polishing slurry and the surface state of SiC(0001). Finally, the polishing mechanism of sapphire with alumina used as a brasive is given.
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