Recent advances in aqueous fluoroalkylation using various fluoroalkylation reagents are summarized in this review.

Oxidative decarboxylation/trifluoromethylselenolation of primary, secondary, and tertiary aliphatic carboxylic acids with the nucleophilic [Me4N]­[SeCF3] salt and an organic photocatalyst is described. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature under transition-metal-free conditions and affords the corresponding trifluoromethylselenolated products in good yields. Advantages of the method include good functional group tolerance, without preactivation of the acids, and late-stage functionalization of the complex drug molecules. This protocol represents the first decarboxylative trifluoromethylselenolation of carboxylic acids to trifluoromethyl selenoethers.

The first oxidative trifluoromethylselenolation of nucleophilic (hetero)arenes with the nucleophilic [Me4N][SeCF3] salt under transition-metal-free conditions is described.

An efficient and transition-metal-free method for the synthesis of the structurally diversified trifluoroethylthiol phenanthridines and 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines is described. Various 2-isothiocyanobiaryls and aryl alkyl isothiocyanates reacted with phenyl­(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)­iodonium triflate in CH2Cl2 in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid at 40 °C to form the corresponding trifluoroethylation/cyclization products in good to quantitative yields. This work represents the first construction of trifluoroethylthiol phenanthridine and isoquinoline derivatives from isothiocyanates in the absence of transition-metal catalysts by a one-pot procedure.

Highly electrophilic aryl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)iodonium triflates have been used for the first time as trifluoroethyl and aryl transfer reagents in Pd-catalyzed functionalization of arylboronic acids. Electron-rich arylboronic acids reacted with aryl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)iodonium triflates (2a-b) in CH3CN in the presence of Pd2(dba)3 and K3PO4 at room temperature to provide trifluoroethyl arenes in up to 82% yield, while the reactions of both electron-rich and -poor arylboronic acids with 2a-b in DMF in the presence of Pd[P(t-Bu)3]2 and Cs2CO3 at 40 °C afforded arylation products in up to 99% yield. This tunable protocol allows access to trifluoroethyl arenes or biaryls in good to excellent yields under mild conditions and without the addition of extra ligands.

Reactions of a dimeric [(bzq)Pd(OAc)]2 complex (1 a′) and mesityl(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)iodonium triflate (2 a) with or without additives at room temperature gave 10‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)benzo[h]quinoline rapidly in moderate to high yields. The reaction might proceed through a unstable binuclear “PdIII−CH2CF3” intermediate (I), which was likely formed in situ from the oxidative addition of 2 a to [(bzq)Pd(OAc)]2 and favorably transformed to mononuclear “(bzq)PdIV−CH2CF3” complexes (III) in the presence of another equiv.alent of 2 a and a suitable additive. Based on these, a Pd‐catalyzed C−H trifluoroethylation of benzo[h]quinolines with 2 a was developed. Numerous benzo[h]quinoline derivatives reacted with [MesICH2CF3][OTf] at room temperature in the presence of 10 mol% Pd(OAc)2 and 2 equiv.. NaHCO3 to provide the corresponding 10‐trifluoroethylated products in excellent yields.

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