To dry Chinese lacquer rapidly for the protection and restoration of archeological findings coated by lacquer or excavated lacquer wares and the development of new application of this lacquer, we carried out UV curing technology to improve its curing rate using a high-pressure mercury lamp as a UV source in the absence of any additional photoinitiator. The effects of mainly specific components in Chinese lacquer sap and the role of each reactive group of urushiol, namely hydroxyl groups, hydrogen on the phenyl ring, and olefins in the side chain, in the course of UV exposure were well-investigated. The UV-cured Chinese lacquer films were also characterized by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, SEM, TGA, and Py-GC/MS. The results showed that urushiol was the main component to form Chinese lacquer films, and decomposed to generate the urushiol semiquinone radicals, which sequentially induced the polymerization of Chinese lacquer by radical polymerization, as well as radical substitution under UV irradiation. In addition, the TG analysis suggested that polysaccharide and glycoproteins were integrated with the UV-cured films by covalent bonding. Furthermore, this method could be suitable to fast cure other phenol bearing long aliphatic unsaturated chain, such as CNSL.
MSN@U based on urushiol with catechol groups possessed rapid hemostatic performance because they self-assembled into a Janus membrane at the interface.
Janus hybrid particles (MPS-SiO2@PDVB-DM, JPs) were
successively fabricated by grafting dodecyl mercaptan (DM) onto polydivinylbenzene
(PDVB) lobe and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS) chains
onto SiO2 lobe in the case of SiO2@PDVB Janus
particles as the template. Moreover, MPS-SiO2@PDVB-DM Janus
particles were used as the compatibilizer of immiscible polymer blends
of liquid isoprene rubber (LIR) and epoxy resin (ER). The modified
Janus particles were embedded in the interface of LIR and ER, which
could improve the compatibility of LIR and ER, mitigating the macrophase
separation in the blends. Besides, the compatibilizing effect of MPS-SiO2@PDVB-DM depends not only on the Janus molecular structure
but also on the blending process and the curing agent of ER.
Sensors based on conductive hydrogels have received extensive attention in various fields, such as artificial intelligence, electronic skin, and health monitoring. However, the poor resilience and fatigue resistance, icing, and water loss of traditional hydrogels greatly limit their application. Herein, an ionic conductive organohydrogel (PAC-Zn) was prepared for the first time by copolymerization of cardanol and acrylic acid in water/1,3butanediol as a binary solvent system. A very small amount of cardanol (1% cardanol of total monomers) could not only significantly improve the tensile strength (∼4 times) and toughness (∼3 times) of PAA but also improve its extensibility. Due to the presence of 1,3-butanediol, PAC-Zn showed outstanding tolerance for freezing (−45 °C) and drying (over 85% moisture retention after 15 days of storage in a 37 °C oven). Compared with ethylene glycol and glycerol as antifreeze agents used in organohydrogels, the addition of 1,3-butanediol endowed the organohydrogel with not only similar frost resistance but also better mechanical performance. Besides, PAC-Zn exhibited fast resilience (almost no hysteresis loop) and excellent antifatigue ability. More importantly, a PAC-Zn organohydrogel-based sensor could detect human motion in real time (wrist, elbow, finger, and knee joints), revealing its fast response, good sensitivity, and stable electromechanical repeatability. In conclusion, the multifunctional PAC-Zn organohydrogel is expected to become a potential and promising candidate in the field of strain sensors under a broad range of environmental temperatures.
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