No abstract

As the function and R&D level of in vitro diagnostic reagents continue to improve, the need for hospitals for in vitro diagnostic reagents in clinical diagnosis also keeps increasing. However, under the influence of management, process, technology, equipment, materials, employees, and other unexpected disturbing factors, the output of reagents often has random uncertainty, and it is difficult to provide the finished products required by orders on time, in quality and quantity. A secondary supply chain consisting of reagent manufacturers, distributors, and hospitals is constructed, and the inventory control models of in vitro diagnostic reagent supply chain under three strategies of centralized decision-making, hospital-owned inventory, and reagent distributor-managed inventory are established, respectively, and the maximum expected returns of the supply chain system under different strategies are analyzed to achieve the optimal production decision of reagent manufacturers and the optimal procurement decision of hospitals. The results show that reducing the random output probability and patient demand uncertainty has a significant effect on improving the expected return of in vitro diagnostic reagent supply chain, and as the random output probability of reagent manufacturers and patient consumption demand uncertainty increase, the strategy of managing inventory by distributors in collaboration is always better than the strategy of managing inventory by hospitals' own warehouses, which can achieve higher expected return and better inventory quantity, but when the out-of-stock cost of hospitals is too high above a certain threshold, the hospital will tend to adopt the self-inventory strategy.

The risk attitude of decision-makers will significantly affect the decision-making of enterprise risk management. Specifically, high risk represents the potential premise of high return for risk preference decision-makers, and for risk-averse decision-makers, the increase of risk degree will stimulate decision-makers’ aversion to uncertainty and turn to seek safer business strategies. Although there are many pieces of literature on the risk preference of decision-makers, they usually only assume the risk attitude of one party and rarely consider the risk attitude of suppliers and retailers in the scenario of cross-border e-commerce at the same time. Therefore, under the background of supply disruption, for the cross-border e-commerce supply chain composed of cross-border suppliers, overseas suppliers, overseas retailers, and consumers, combined with the risk attitude preference of enterprise subjects, this paper constructs the mean-variance model dominated by overseas retailers and reversely solves the risk-aversion attitude of a single cross-border supplier. When a single overseas retailer maintains a risk-aversion attitude and both cross-border suppliers and overseas retailers hold a risk-neutral or risk-aversion attitude, the pricing of products in different channels is analyzed. Finally, an example is given to analyze the impact of supply disruption probability, risk-aversion coefficient, channel distribution coefficient, and other parameters on purchase price, market demand, target profit, and utility. It is of great practical significance for improving the stability of cross-border e-commerce supply chain system and reducing revenue loss to study how different degrees of risk-aversion attitudes of cross-border suppliers and overseas retailers affect enterprise procurement pricing strategy, target profit, and utility in case of supply disruption.